history Flashcards
exam (43 cards)
what other meaning of the holocaust
sacrifice by fire
what genocide
a mass of killing of an group of people
Why did people like Hitler?
Hitler tried to appeal to as many people as possible in Germany (look at the name of the party). He appealed mostly to those who had fallen on bad times since the end of the war. As well as appealing to the people of Germany, Hitler used other methods to gain members. He had his very own private army the SA (Storm Troopers). These men were led by Ernst Rohm, a decorated war veteran. Hitler used the SA to disrupt meetings held by political parties and promoted violence towards Jewish people
the york massacre
a mob attacked memebers of jewish community in new york, a small number of survivors appeared at a gate of a castle and promise to become christian’s
hugh of lincoln
eight year old was murdered in lincoln a jewish man named colin was arrested and tortured until he confessed.
the edict of expulsion
king edward I issued this. this ordered all jews to leave england within 105 days, around 2,000 people were ere forced to leave
the rome ghetto
1555, pipe paul IV ordered the creation of ghettos was a poor area of the city where jews were forced to live
How did the Nazi’s and Hitler get into power?
⦁ The German leader at the end of WWI, The Kaiser, surrendered and fled from Germany.
⦁ There was a government called the Weimar republic which the public did not like.
⦁ Germany had to stick to strict rules under a peace treaty called the ‘Treaty of Versailles’ which made them look weak as a country.
⦁ German people wanted a strong leader who could make the country powerful again.
⦁ Strikes and fights were breaking out in the streets
Kristallnacht
One of the most notorious acts carried out by the Nazis is Kristallnacht. On the 9th of November 1938 the SA carried out a massive attack on the Jewish people of Germany.
Kristallnacht numbers
Almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed. Between 1,000 and 2,000 Synagogues were ransacked with roughly 200 being completely destroyed.
The Jewish community had to pay for the damage to be repaired. They were fined One Billion German Marks
word Kristallnacht translates
to ‘Crystal night’ or ‘Night of the Broken Glass’.
Ghettos
Ghettos, were areas of cities which were closed off by a large brick wall and barbed wire. The two largest ghettos were Warsaw and Lodz.
Life in the ghetto was very hard; no one was allowed to have any money or valuable possessions. They were forced to work in factories or workshops for the German army. Many prisoners in the ghetto died of starvation, disease or the bitter conditions during the winter months. There was very little food or washing facilities. Families were crammed into small rooms and shared toilets, this led to diseases being spread very quickly. If they survived the ghetto many prisoners were then sent to the camps
The Final Solution
It was decided that the best way to be rid of the entire European Jewish population (The Jewish Question) was to build a series of new camps – extermination camps. In these camps prisoners would be taken to a gas chamber where they would exposed to cyanide pellets which, upon contact with the air, turn to gas. The dead bodies were then taken to purpose built crematoria and burned.
The man who constructed the final solution was Heinrich Himmler.
Edelweiss Pirates
This was a teenage group who opposed the Nazi party and the Nazi Youth.
Males and females were members.
They started in 1936 when membership of the Nazi Youth was made compulsory.
They operated in Western Germany. During the war they were blamed for communicating with the British and posting anti-Nazi propaganda and graffiti.
The punishments ranged from shaved heads to being sent to a concentration camp for 2-3 years.
Members included:
-Hans and Sophie Scholl
-Fritz Theilen
-Walker Meyer
World Since 1945
In May 7, 1945—Germany surrendered
⦁ U- USA, England, Russia met to reconstruct Europe after th the war:
⦁ Yalta Conference (Feb 1945)
⦁ Potsdam Conference (July 1945)
The Atomic Bomb
In May 1945 the Allied forces of Britain, France, the USA and the USSR finally defeated Germany after 6 years of war. This ended the war in Europe but, in the Far East, the Japanese were still fighting
Impact in Numbers of the Hiroshima Bombing
⦁ 48,000 buildings destroyed
⦁ 52 hospitals destroyed
⦁ 90% of doctors and nurses killed
⦁ 80,000 killed instantly
⦁ The blast was 900 times hotter than the sun
⦁ 69,000 injured
⦁ 200,000 deaths by 1950
⦁ 97,000 people with cancer due to radiation by 1950-80.
Berlin Airlift
With road and rail routes blocked into West Berlin the Western powers had one other possibility to try and help the people who were in West Berlin: by aeroplane.
So, on 26th June 1948, the first planes landed at Templehof Airport in western Berlin.
Supplies delivered each day
⦁ 646 tons of flour and wheat
⦁ 125 tons of cereal
⦁ 64 tons of fat
⦁ 109 tons of meat and fish
⦁ 180 tons of potatoes
⦁ 180 tons of sugar
⦁ 11 tons of coffee
⦁ 19 tons of powdered milk
⦁ 5 tons of whole milk for children
⦁ 3 tons of fresh yeast for baking
⦁ 144 tons of dehydrated vegetables
⦁ 38 tons of salt and
⦁ ten tons of cheese
West vs East Germany
⦁ West Germany flourished after 1949
⦁ Economic “miracle”
⦁ Low Unemployment, high wages , high living standards
⦁ Huge amounts of American money make this happen
⦁ Terrible problems in East Germany
⦁ Shortages of housing
⦁ Low wages
⦁ Food shortages
⦁ Very low standard of living
⦁ No freedoms
US Tactics
⦁ “Search and destroy” tactic where they were supposed to locate the enemy and destroy them with their military superiority. Often, when the American troops had raided a town and killed many civilians, it turned out there were very few or even NO Vietcong amongst the dead.
⦁ The most famous tactic was using Agent Orange which also poisoned the water supply and resulted in animals and humans becoming diseased and dying.
⦁ Napalm was also used for this purpose. It is a petroleum jelly which causes terrible burns.
⦁ “Operation rolling thunder” bombed enemy towns and villages. Led to thousands of civilian deaths. It would cut off access to food and water and draw the communists out, in theory.
Vietcong Tactics
⦁ Vietcong using GUERRILLA warfare. This used ambushing, booby trapping, using mines and hit and run tactics. They were successful in this because they knew the land and could hide easily amongst the peasants.
⦁ System of tunnels which contained hospitals, kitchens, sleeping accommodation and weapons. The USA was never able to take over this tunnel network from them.
⦁ Ho Chi Minh Trail - A jungle path, 60 tonnes of supplies a day carried to the Vietcong in the south.
Essential to Vietname
se Victory.
Census
a census is a survey conducted and completed by everyone in Britain, every ten years, to provide a detailed picture of what the population looks like.
It is then used to help inform where money needs spent and what services need to be placed where across the country.
Three Key Causes of Population Growth/Reduction
⦁ Migration – the movement of people
⦁ Births – increase in babies being born
⦁ Deaths – amount of people dying
