history

Question 1

what other meaning of the holocaust

Answer 1

sacrifice by fire

Question 2

what genocide

Answer 2

a mass of killing of an group of people

Question 3

Why did people like Hitler?

Answer 3

Hitler tried to appeal to as many people as possible in Germany (look at the name of the party). He appealed mostly to those who had fallen on bad times since the end of the war. As well as appealing to the people of Germany, Hitler used other methods to gain members. He had his very own private army the SA (Storm Troopers). These men were led by Ernst Rohm, a decorated war veteran. Hitler used the SA to disrupt meetings held by political parties and promoted violence towards Jewish people

Question 4

the york massacre

Answer 4

a mob attacked memebers of jewish community in new york, a small number of survivors appeared at a gate of a castle and promise to become christian’s

Question 5

hugh of lincoln

Answer 5

eight year old was murdered in lincoln a jewish man named colin was arrested and tortured until he confessed.

Question 6

the edict of expulsion

Answer 6

king edward I issued this. this ordered all jews to leave england within 105 days, around 2,000 people were ere forced to leave

Question 7

the rome ghetto

Answer 7

1555, pipe paul IV ordered the creation of ghettos was a poor area of the city where jews were forced to live

Question 8

How did the Nazi’s and Hitler get into power?

Answer 8

⦁ The German leader at the end of WWI, The Kaiser, surrendered and fled from Germany.
⦁ There was a government called the Weimar republic which the public did not like.
⦁ Germany had to stick to strict rules under a peace treaty called the ‘Treaty of Versailles’ which made them look weak as a country.
⦁ German people wanted a strong leader who could make the country powerful again.
⦁ Strikes and fights were breaking out in the streets

Question 9

Kristallnacht

Answer 9

One of the most notorious acts carried out by the Nazis is Kristallnacht. On the 9th of November 1938 the SA carried out a massive attack on the Jewish people of Germany.

Question 10

Kristallnacht numbers

Answer 10

Almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed. Between 1,000 and 2,000 Synagogues were ransacked with roughly 200 being completely destroyed.
The Jewish community had to pay for the damage to be repaired. They were fined One Billion German Marks

Question 11

word Kristallnacht translates

Answer 11

to ‘Crystal night’ or ‘Night of the Broken Glass’.

Question 12

Ghettos

Answer 12

Ghettos, were areas of cities which were closed off by a large brick wall and barbed wire. The two largest ghettos were Warsaw and Lodz.
Life in the ghetto was very hard; no one was allowed to have any money or valuable possessions. They were forced to work in factories or workshops for the German army. Many prisoners in the ghetto died of starvation, disease or the bitter conditions during the winter months. There was very little food or washing facilities. Families were crammed into small rooms and shared toilets, this led to diseases being spread very quickly. If they survived the ghetto many prisoners were then sent to the camps

Question 13

The Final Solution

Answer 13

It was decided that the best way to be rid of the entire European Jewish population (The Jewish Question) was to build a series of new camps – extermination camps. In these camps prisoners would be taken to a gas chamber where they would exposed to cyanide pellets which, upon contact with the air, turn to gas. The dead bodies were then taken to purpose built crematoria and burned.
The man who constructed the final solution was Heinrich Himmler.

Question 14

Edelweiss Pirates

Answer 14

This was a teenage group who opposed the Nazi party and the Nazi Youth.
Males and females were members.
They started in 1936 when membership of the Nazi Youth was made compulsory.
They operated in Western Germany. During the war they were blamed for communicating with the British and posting anti-Nazi propaganda and graffiti.
The punishments ranged from shaved heads to being sent to a concentration camp for 2-3 years.

Members included:
-Hans and Sophie Scholl
-Fritz Theilen
-Walker Meyer

Question 15

World Since 1945

Answer 15

In May 7, 1945—Germany surrendered
⦁ U- USA, England, Russia met to reconstruct Europe after th the war:
⦁ Yalta Conference (Feb 1945)
⦁ Potsdam Conference (July 1945)

Question 16

The Atomic Bomb

Answer 16

In May 1945 the Allied forces of Britain, France, the USA and the USSR finally defeated Germany after 6 years of war. This ended the war in Europe but, in the Far East, the Japanese were still fighting

Question 17

Impact in Numbers of the Hiroshima Bombing

Answer 17

⦁ 48,000 buildings destroyed
⦁ 52 hospitals destroyed
⦁ 90% of doctors and nurses killed
⦁ 80,000 killed instantly
⦁ The blast was 900 times hotter than the sun
⦁ 69,000 injured
⦁ 200,000 deaths by 1950
⦁ 97,000 people with cancer due to radiation by 1950-80.

Question 18

Berlin Airlift

Answer 18

With road and rail routes blocked into West Berlin the Western powers had one other possibility to try and help the people who were in West Berlin: by aeroplane.
So, on 26th June 1948, the first planes landed at Templehof Airport in western Berlin.

Question 19

Supplies delivered each day

Answer 19

⦁ 646 tons of flour and wheat
⦁ 125 tons of cereal
⦁ 64 tons of fat
⦁ 109 tons of meat and fish
⦁ 180 tons of potatoes
⦁ 180 tons of sugar
⦁ 11 tons of coffee
⦁ 19 tons of powdered milk
⦁ 5 tons of whole milk for children
⦁ 3 tons of fresh yeast for baking
⦁ 144 tons of dehydrated vegetables
⦁ 38 tons of salt and
⦁ ten tons of cheese

Question 20

West vs East Germany

Answer 20

⦁ West Germany flourished after 1949
⦁ Economic “miracle”
⦁ Low Unemployment, high wages , high living standards
⦁ Huge amounts of American money make this happen

⦁ Terrible problems in East Germany
⦁ Shortages of housing
⦁ Low wages
⦁ Food shortages
⦁ Very low standard of living
⦁ No freedoms

Question 21

US Tactics

Answer 21

⦁ “Search and destroy” tactic where they were supposed to locate the enemy and destroy them with their military superiority. Often, when the American troops had raided a town and killed many civilians, it turned out there were very few or even NO Vietcong amongst the dead.
⦁ The most famous tactic was using Agent Orange which also poisoned the water supply and resulted in animals and humans becoming diseased and dying.
⦁ Napalm was also used for this purpose. It is a petroleum jelly which causes terrible burns.
⦁ “Operation rolling thunder” bombed enemy towns and villages. Led to thousands of civilian deaths. It would cut off access to food and water and draw the communists out, in theory.

Question 22

Vietcong Tactics

Answer 22

⦁ Vietcong using GUERRILLA warfare. This used ambushing, booby trapping, using mines and hit and run tactics. They were successful in this because they knew the land and could hide easily amongst the peasants.
⦁ System of tunnels which contained hospitals, kitchens, sleeping accommodation and weapons. The USA was never able to take over this tunnel network from them.
⦁ Ho Chi Minh Trail - A jungle path, 60 tonnes of supplies a day carried to the Vietcong in the south.
Essential to Vietname
se Victory.

Question 23

Census

Answer 23

a census is a survey conducted and completed by everyone in Britain, every ten years, to provide a detailed picture of what the population looks like.
It is then used to help inform where money needs spent and what services need to be placed where across the country.

Question 24

Three Key Causes of Population Growth/Reduction

Answer 24

⦁ Migration – the movement of people
⦁ Births – increase in babies being born
⦁ Deaths – amount of people dying

Question 25

What would you expect to find on a census?

Answer 25

⦁ Location
⦁ Address – house number and street
⦁ Number of people living in the house
⦁ Relationship to the head of house (usually a man, a widowed woman or a spinster)
⦁ Gender
⦁ Age
⦁ Occupation
⦁ Place of Birth
⦁ Windows in the property

Question 26

Reasons for population growth or decline

Answer 26

Midwives – There were improvements in the care and hospital beds for women to give birth in.
People ate healthier – Farmers produced more food and people were able to enjoy more fruit and veg in their diet.
Cotton replaced wool – Cotton underwear became popular which is easier to wash and get rid of germs.
People married younger – People got married younger and had children younger.
Soap – it was more widely available as a powerful germ killer.
Vaccinations – smallpox had a vaccine made to eradicate it. It was made compulsory until 1853.
Cities were cleaned up – clean water supplies and sewers were installed and streetlights for night time.
Education – People became more educated as schools improved.
Doctors and Nurses were trained better - Tax on gin – There were lots of alcoholics who died from drink. Gin
Factories had child workers – families had more children in order to send them to work to earn more money.

Question 27

slums

Answer 27

Slums
A word used to describe very poor quality houses that are overcrowded and have no fresh water or indoor toilets, had already existed for hundreds of years.

Glasgow slum housing were sometimes called ‘Single End’ houses.

Question 28

Why did slums exist?

Answer 28

Landlords would often build poor quality homes as fast as they could to make money from people who were desperate.
Builders used the cheapest building materials and there was no such thing as health and safety.
Rents were so high, whole families had to live in a single room, many families lived in one room homes (up to 15 people at a time).

Question 29

Courtyards

Answer 29

1.A standpipe that supplied water to all the houses. The water came from a well next to the cesspit.
2. A communal toilet. Waste would be collected in a cesspit.
3. Filth was swept along the road.
4. The cesspit was emptied by bucket and taken away at night.
5. Back-to-back houses to fit as many people as possible in a small area.
6. People even lived in cellars

Question 30

Tuberculosis symptoms

Answer 30

• Hacking cough
• Coughing up blood
• Higher Fever, Weight loss

Question 31

TB Causes

Answer 31

Overcrowding and damp environments

Question 32

CHOLERA SYMPTOMS

Answer 32

• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Dehydration
• Sunken eyes

Question 33

CHOLERA CAUSES

Answer 33

Drinking contaminated water by the faeces of humans

Question 34

TYPHUS SYMPTOMS

Answer 34

• Abdominal pains
• Backache
• Red Rash with a high fever
• Dry hacking cough

Question 35

TYPHUS CAUSES

Answer 35

Infected lice/fleas on clothing and bedding

Question 36

INFLUENZA SYM

Answer 36

• Muscle ache
• Headache
• Nausea
• High Fever

Question 37

INFLUENZA CAUSES

Answer 37

Contact with infected people

Question 38

SCARLET FEVER SYM

Answer 38

• High fever
• Sore throat
• Rash of red and white spots on tongue

Question 39

SCARLET FEVER CAUSES

Answer 39

Contact with infected people

Question 40

SMALL POX SYM

Answer 40

• High fever
• Rash
• Difficulty breathing

Question 41

SMALL POX CAUSES

Answer 41

Contact with infected people and overcrowding in homes

Question 42

TYPHOID SYM

Answer 42

• High temperature
• Headache
• Diarrhoea
• Cough
• Constipation

Question 43

TYPHOID CAUSE

Answer 43

Bacteria in infected persons poo will be on persons hand and transfer onto food due to not washing their hands