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eu law (ucr spring 2024) > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

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1
Q

Accession

A

process of joining the EU

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2
Q

competence

A

authority to govern in a particular policy area

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3
Q

conferral

A

the principle that the Union only has the power to act where such competence has been bestowed upon it by the MS

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4
Q

enlargement

A

addition of new MS

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5
Q

legal autonomy

A

independence of a legal system such that it it is legally bound by any other system except where it has specifically agreed to be

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6
Q

ratification

A

formal consent to a treaty at the national level

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7
Q

four freedoms

A

free movement of people, goods, services and capital

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8
Q

Art 2 TEU

A

values of the UnionA

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9
Q

Art 3 TEU

A

objectives of the Union
- Peace, values, well-being
- Area of freedom, security and justice without internal frontiers
- Internal market, sustainability, social well-being etc.
- Economic and monetary union
- Human rights in foreign policy

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10
Q

Art 13-19

A

Institutions
- EP
- European Council
- Council
- European Commission
- CJEU
- ECB
- Court of Auditors

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11
Q

Art 49 TEU

A

Accession criteria (Copenhagen criteria)

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12
Q

Art 50

A

exit from EU

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13
Q

Accession process

A
  • EP consent, Council consensus
  • Accession negotiations in 35 policy areas, called chapters – candidate country has to achieve EU benchmarks until every MS is satisfied
  • Accession treaty
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14
Q

limitations to EU competence

A
  • conferral
  • subsidiarity
  • proportionality
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15
Q

three levels of competence

A

exclusive, shared, supporting

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16
Q

economic aspects

A
  • internal market (=EEA + Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway)
  • European Economic Area
  • European Free Trade Organization (Iceland, Lichtnstein, Norway, Switzerland)
  • Eurozone
17
Q

Art 47 TEU

A

legal personality of the EU –> international treaties

18
Q

Treaty of Paris

A
  • 1952
  • ECSC
  • F, G, Italy, Belgium, NL, Luxembourg
19
Q

Treaty of Rome

A
  • 1958
  • EEC Treaty
  • common market
  • F, D, Italy, Belgium, NL, Luxembourg
  • Commission, Coucil of Minitsers, Court of Justice
20
Q

Euratom

A

1957, never fully realized

21
Q

Merger Treaty

A
  • 1965
  • one Council, Commission, ECJ, Assembly for European Communities
22
Q

Enlargements

A

1973 UK, denmark Ireland
1981 Greece
1986 Portugal, Spain
1995 Finland, Austria, Sweden
2004 Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia

23
Q

Single European Act

A
  • 1987
  • large addition of competences
  • European Council
  • increased legislative powers of EP
24
Q

Treaty of Maastricht

A
  • 1993
  • renumbered and named EEC Treaty (Treaty of Rome) –> later TFEU
  • established TEU
  • two new pillars of EC: Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), Cooperation in Justice and Home Affairs (JHA)
25
Q

Treaty of Amsterdam

A
  • 1999
  • Art 2 TEU and Art 7 TEU introduced
  • ECHR justiciable
26
Q

Treaty of Nice

A
  • 2003
  • institutional reform
  • enhanced cooperation
  • amended Treaties to accommodate enlargement
27
Q

the failed Constitutional Treaty

A
  • 2004
  • ratification process failed in F, NL
28
Q

The treaty of Lisbon

A
  • 2009
  • EC Treaty renamed TFEU
  • legal status of ECHR
  • system of enhanced cooperation Art 20
29
Q

ratification of the ToL

A
  • compromise with Ireland to retain Commissioner
  • Poland and czech Republic: opt-out of ECHR (no direct transfer to national systems)
30
Q

ECHR

A
  • all MS are members
  • obligation to interpret and apply ECHR
  • limited to EU law
  • accession of EU to ECHR in progress, but complicated
31
Q

candidates for accession

A
  • North Macedonia
  • Montenegro
  • Serbia
  • Albania
32
Q

re-distributive policies

A
  • money directly to people
  • mainly subsidies for farmers
33
Q

distributive policies

A
  • projects funded by EU
  • EU spendage high in absolute terms, low in relative terms (1.2% of collective GDP)
34
Q

regulatory policies

A
  • focus of the EU
  • negative integration: removing barriers
  • positive integration: re-regulation (market or non-market)

eu law (ucr spring 2024) (8 decks)

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