History Flashcards
Who were the first great maritime trading cultures in Spain?
The Phoenicians
- Wine trade on Eastern Mediterranean existed because of the Phoenicians
- Carried grapes from the Middle East to North Africa, Mediterranean Islands and Iberian Peninsula
What impact did the Romans have on viticulture in Spain?
- Improved amphora
-conquering Moors forbade the consumption of alcohol
What influence did Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castille have?
-United the two of Spain’s most powerful kingdoms
-Est the Inquisition to enforce Catholic Orthodoxy
-Moors were expelled and Christopher Columbus set sail
What happened in 1492?
Reconquista ends returning Spanish rule to the Catholic Church
Who expanded on viticulture after the Romans in Spain?
The Catholic Church
Who in 1492 opened up trade to the new world?
Christopher Columbus and Spanish explorers
What is the significance of the Spanish Armada?
Sherry had become really popular in the English market although the relationship between these two countries was deteriorating
-this reached its peak with the English defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588
Why in the 17th C were Spanish colonies not allowed to produce their own wine?
This was a way to protect Spanish exports like Malaga and Sherry.
Who is Manuel Esteban Quintano Quintano?
Priest from Rioja
-went to Bordeaux and studied oenological practices there
-Upon returning, he began to experiment with cask-aging
Why was there an influx of French winemakers in Rioja during the 1850s and 1860s?
Pylloxera hit France
-Additionally, Spanish winemakers return from Bordeaux after studying there and start implementing what they learned in France including barrique aging and estate bottling
What is the significance of Luciano de Murrieta García-Lemoine and Camilo Hurtado de Amézaga y Balmaseda?
Both exiled to Bordeaux
Luciano became Marqués de Murrieta
Camilo became Marqués de Riscal
Bordeaux-trained Marqués de Riscal and Marqués de Murrieta returned to Rioja with grape varieties and lessons from the Médoc, including barrique aging (called barricas in Spain) and estate bottling (performed at their newly constructed bodegas).
Why was there a shift in Rioja from the use of French barrique to American oak?
This was an economic decision based on Spain’s history of transatlantic colonial trade.
When does phylloxera hit Rioja?
Early 20th Century
When and under whom did civil war breakout?
Francisco Franco
-late 1930s
Why was after WWII a dark period for Spain?
- Spain remained the only major facist country in Western Europe
- Spain was behind France and Italy as this suppression of economic freedom really hindered winemakers
