History

Question 1

When was nitrous oxide first prepared? By whom?

Answer 1

1773 by Joseph Priestly

Question 2

When was the first time NO was used for dental extraction? By whom?

Answer 2

1844 by Horace Wells

Question 3

When was cocaine first used as a local anesthetic? By whom?

Answer 3

1884 by Carl Koller

Question 4

Who performed the first inferior alveolar nerve block? When?

Answer 4

William Halstead in 1884

Question 5

What makes cocaine an unique anesthetic?

Answer 5

It is the only one that causes vasoconstriction

Question 6

When was cocaine first extracted from coca leaves?

Answer 6

1856

Question 7

Which drug was approved in the US in 1905?

Answer 7

Procaine

Question 8

When was procaine approved in the US?

Answer 8

1905

Question 9

What drug was approved in the US in 1948?

Answer 9

Lidocaine

Question 10

When was lidocaine approved in the US?

Answer 10

1948

Question 11

What drug was approved in the US in 1960?

Answer 11

Mepivacaine

Question 12

When was mepivacaine approved in the US?

Answer 12

1960

Question 13

What drug was approved in the US in 1965?

Answer 13

Prilocaine

Question 14

When was prilocaine approved in the US?

Answer 14

1965

Question 15

What drug was approved in the US in 1972?

Answer 15

Bupivacaine

Question 16

When was bupivacaine approved in the US?

Answer 16

1972

Question 17

What drug was approved in the US in 2000?

Answer 17

Articaine

Question 18

When was articaine approved in the US?

Answer 18

2000

Question 19

What is a chemical tourniquet? What is its purpose?

Answer 19

It is a combination of epinephrine and levonordefrin. Epinephrine reduces the uptake of local anesthetic, resulting in increased duration of action. Allows for:
Prolonged effect of LA
Increased depth of anesthesia
Reduces plasma concentration of LA
Reduces incidence of systemic toxicity
Reduces bleeding at surgical site

Question 20

When was ether first used? By whom?

Answer 20

1846 by William Morton