History Flashcards
_________ developed more effective air brakes and worked with alternating current in electricity.
George Westinghouse
________ patented a process for making better steel more efficiently.
Henry Bessemer
________ patented a telegraph system for use on moving trains.
Granville Woods
________ devised a code of short and long electrical pulses to represent the letters of the alphabet for the telegraph.
Samuel F.B. Morse
In Chicago, in 1886, an anarchist threw a bomb killing seven policemen at the _______.
Haymarket Riot
This dispute included a shootout between strikers and Pinkertons.
Homestead Strike
For the first time in American history federal troops used to intervene in a labor dispute during the _________.
Railroad Strike of 1877
A court order was used to put an end to this dispute.
Pullman Strike
Bringing together many firms in the same business is known as ____________.
Horizontal consolidation
Gaining control of the many different businesses that make up all phases of a product’s development is known as ____________.
Vertical consolidation
The process by which as production increases the cost of each item is lower is known as _____.
Economies of scale
Periods of economic expansion followed by periods of depression are known collectively as the _______.
Business cycle
A ___________ is a license to make, use or sell an invention.
patent
A _____________ is a group of separate companies that are placed under the control of a single management board and managed as a single unit.
trust
A _________ is complete control of a product or service.
monopoly
A ____________is a loose association of businesses that produce the same product.
cartel
_______ is the theory that society should do as little as possible to interfere with people’s pursuit of wealth.
Social Darwinism
The ____________ is the belief that people should be free to make as much money as they can, but after they make it, they should give it away.
Gospel of Wealth
__________ is an economic system in which there is public, not private, control of property and income.
socialism
___________ is a process by which workers negotiate as a single unit.
collective bargaining
The amount that a worker creates in a given period of time is known as ____________.
productivity
Creating goods in great amounts is known as ____________.
mass production
___________ is a system in which workers are paid not by the hour but by what they produce.
piecework
Producing goods in which different tasks are performed by different persons is known as ____________.
division of labor
An anarchist is a person who ___________________.
opposes all government
____________ developed the first practical light bulb.
Thomas Edison
____________ is credited with inventing the telephone.
Alexander Graham Bell
__________ was a pioneer in the field of time and motion studies and published The Principles of Scientific Management.
Frederick Winslow Taylor
What was the big union that included men, women, black, white, skilled and unskilled workers?
Knights of Labor
What was the union that included only male, skilled workers?
American Federation of Labor
The government contributed to the building of the transcontinental railroad by _____.
awarding loans and land grants to private companies to build the railroad.
Which of the following revolutionized American communications in the late 1800’s?
the telegraph and telephone
Critics of powerful industrialists referred to them as _____.
robber barons
During the late 1800’s, children often worked in the factories because ______.
families needed the income to survive
Some employers forced workers to sign “yellow dog contracts” stating that ______.
workers would not join labor unions
______________ was an immigrant from Denmark whose book, How the Other Half Lives, showed the problems of the poor.
Jacob Riis
____ is using one’s job to gain profit.
Graft
Gilded means covered with a thin layer of______
gold
A __________ is a residential area surrounding a city.
suburb
What typically led an immigrant to achieve success in America?
Determination and hard work
__________was the famous author who named the post-Reconstruction era the Gilded Age
Mark Twain
The ______________ required competitive exams for government jobs and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds and could not be fired for political reasons.
Pendleton Civil Service Act
A ____ is a government payment to a key business.
subsidy
_____ is a time of isolation to prevent the spread of disease.
Quarantine
The practice of giving government jobs to friends, relatives and supporters is known as _____.
Spoils system
This was an organization designed to keep a particular group in power.
Political machine
A _______ is an area of a city in which one racial or ethnic group dominates.
ghetto
_____ is Immoral or corrupt behavior.
Vice
The practice of blaming Democrats for starting the Civil War was known as ______.
“Waving the Bloody Shirt”
____________ is a low-cost apartment building designed to hold as many families as possible.
Tenement
A _____ is an agreement among homeowners not to sell real estate to certain groups of people, such as Jews or African-Americans.
Restrictive covenant
How did the pattern of European immigration shift in the 1890’s?
From northern to southern and eastern Europeans
_____ led a march on Washington, D.C. to demand jobs for the unemployed.
Jacob Coxey
The followers of the _____ wanted to apply the teachings of Jesus to the problems of society.
Social Gospel
_____was the term for a community center organized to provide services to the urban poor.
Settlement house
