History Flashcards
_________ developed more effective air brakes and worked with alternating current in electricity.
George Westinghouse
________ patented a process for making better steel more efficiently.
Henry Bessemer
________ patented a telegraph system for use on moving trains.
Granville Woods
________ devised a code of short and long electrical pulses to represent the letters of the alphabet for the telegraph.
Samuel F.B. Morse
In Chicago, in 1886, an anarchist threw a bomb killing seven policemen at the _______.
Haymarket Riot
This dispute included a shootout between strikers and Pinkertons.
Homestead Strike
For the first time in American history federal troops used to intervene in a labor dispute during the _________.
Railroad Strike of 1877
A court order was used to put an end to this dispute.
Pullman Strike
Bringing together many firms in the same business is known as ____________.
Horizontal consolidation
Gaining control of the many different businesses that make up all phases of a product’s development is known as ____________.
Vertical consolidation
The process by which as production increases the cost of each item is lower is known as _____.
Economies of scale
Periods of economic expansion followed by periods of depression are known collectively as the _______.
Business cycle
A ___________ is a license to make, use or sell an invention.
patent
A _____________ is a group of separate companies that are placed under the control of a single management board and managed as a single unit.
trust
A _________ is complete control of a product or service.
monopoly
A ____________is a loose association of businesses that produce the same product.
cartel
_______ is the theory that society should do as little as possible to interfere with people’s pursuit of wealth.
Social Darwinism
The ____________ is the belief that people should be free to make as much money as they can, but after they make it, they should give it away.
Gospel of Wealth
__________ is an economic system in which there is public, not private, control of property and income.
socialism
___________ is a process by which workers negotiate as a single unit.
collective bargaining
The amount that a worker creates in a given period of time is known as ____________.
productivity
Creating goods in great amounts is known as ____________.
mass production
___________ is a system in which workers are paid not by the hour but by what they produce.
piecework
Producing goods in which different tasks are performed by different persons is known as ____________.
division of labor
An anarchist is a person who ___________________.
opposes all government
____________ developed the first practical light bulb.
Thomas Edison
____________ is credited with inventing the telephone.
Alexander Graham Bell
__________ was a pioneer in the field of time and motion studies and published The Principles of Scientific Management.
Frederick Winslow Taylor
What was the big union that included men, women, black, white, skilled and unskilled workers?
Knights of Labor
What was the union that included only male, skilled workers?
American Federation of Labor
The government contributed to the building of the transcontinental railroad by _____.
awarding loans and land grants to private companies to build the railroad.
Which of the following revolutionized American communications in the late 1800’s?
the telegraph and telephone
Critics of powerful industrialists referred to them as _____.
robber barons
During the late 1800’s, children often worked in the factories because ______.
families needed the income to survive
Some employers forced workers to sign “yellow dog contracts” stating that ______.
workers would not join labor unions
______________ was an immigrant from Denmark whose book, How the Other Half Lives, showed the problems of the poor.
Jacob Riis
____ is using one’s job to gain profit.
Graft
Gilded means covered with a thin layer of______
gold
A __________ is a residential area surrounding a city.
suburb
What typically led an immigrant to achieve success in America?
Determination and hard work
__________was the famous author who named the post-Reconstruction era the Gilded Age
Mark Twain
The ______________ required competitive exams for government jobs and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds and could not be fired for political reasons.
Pendleton Civil Service Act
A ____ is a government payment to a key business.
subsidy
_____ is a time of isolation to prevent the spread of disease.
Quarantine
The practice of giving government jobs to friends, relatives and supporters is known as _____.
Spoils system
This was an organization designed to keep a particular group in power.
Political machine
A _______ is an area of a city in which one racial or ethnic group dominates.
ghetto
_____ is Immoral or corrupt behavior.
Vice
The practice of blaming Democrats for starting the Civil War was known as ______.
“Waving the Bloody Shirt”
____________ is a low-cost apartment building designed to hold as many families as possible.
Tenement
A _____ is an agreement among homeowners not to sell real estate to certain groups of people, such as Jews or African-Americans.
Restrictive covenant
How did the pattern of European immigration shift in the 1890’s?
From northern to southern and eastern Europeans
_____ led a march on Washington, D.C. to demand jobs for the unemployed.
Jacob Coxey
The followers of the _____ wanted to apply the teachings of Jesus to the problems of society.
Social Gospel
_____was the term for a community center organized to provide services to the urban poor.
Settlement house
_____was a ban om the manufacture and sale of alcohol.
prohibition
_____ was the founder of Hull House.
Jane Addams
What is the term for reducing or controlling the consumption of alcohol?
Temperance
____________ was the large open area beneath the ship’s deck in which many immigrants traveled.
Steerage
_________ prohibited certain private activities such as drinking alcohol on Sundays.
Blue Laws
______ is favoring those Americans born in the United States over immigrants.
Nativism
_____ was the inventor of the elevator.
Elisha Graves Otis
The __________ was one of the first laws to regulate railroads by outlawing, for example, the practice of charging different rates for different customers or charging more for short hauls than long hauls.
Interstate Commerce Act
_____ means government should have a limited role in economic matters or should stay out of the economy.
Laissez-faire
Assimilation
Process by which people of one culture become part of another
Grandfather Clause
Exemption from obeying a law
Jazz
Musical form known for experimentation and dances associated with it
Jim Crow
System of legal discrimination in the post-Reconstruction South
Literacy
The ability to read and write
Lynching
illegal seizure and execution
NAACP
Group who called for an end to discrimination
Negro Spiritual
African-American religious folk songs
Philanthropists
People who donate to worthy causes
Plessy V. Ferguson
Decision legalizing segregation
Poll tax
Special fee to be paid before voting
Ragtime
Music of melodies with shifting accents over a marching band-beat
RFD
Mail deliveries to rural areas
Vaudeville
Variety shows appropriate for the entire family
Yellow Journalism
“Sensational”, often lurid, reporting of current events
Local color
literature characterized by descriptions of the people and places of specific regions
What was one result of northern whites’ fear of racial equality?
Race riots
Who was Madam CJ Walker?
The prosperous owner of a mail-order business
What is the only major sport which has a single inventor and a well-known date and place of the first game played?
Basketball
By 1910, why had public-school enrollment reached a record high?
Passage of laws requiring attendance
What increased college enrollment in the late 1800’s?
The opening of many new schools
How did minstrel shows portray African-Americans?
As foolish imitators of white culture
Jim Crow laws and the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in Plessy V. Ferguson were similar in that both were designed to _________.
limit African American rights and liberties in the South
Which statement best describes the status of African Americans in the South in the Post-Reconstruction era?
African Americans found that gaining equal rights was very difficult.
Which development was a result of the other three
Racism in the South became institutionalized.
______________ was the leader of the Filipinos rebels fighting the Americans.
Emiliano Aguinaldo
This document promised that the U.S. would not annex Cuba.
Teller Amendment
This document stipulated that Cuba could not enter into any foreign agreements, must guarantee the U.S. two naval bases and the right to intervene if necessary.
Platt Amendment
________________ is a term used to describe a Central American nation dominated by United States Business interests.
Banana Republic
As a result of the peace treaty that ended the Spanish-American War the United States gained ___________.
The Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico
__________________ exploded in Havana Harbor and became a major cause of the Spanish-American War.
U.S.S. Maine
__________________ was the name of Teddy Roosevelt’s military unit.
Rough Riders
_______ is the settlement of a dispute by a person chosen to listen to both sides and come to a decision.
Arbitration
___________ means to join or attach.
Annex
He led the revolt against Queen Liliuokalani,
Sanford B. Dole
He wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History which caused the United States to strengthen the navy and create an empire.
Alfred T. Mahan
He was a newspaper publisher whose “yellow journalism” influenced public support for Cuban rebels.
William Randolph Hearst
____________ is the policy by a stronger nation of dominating weaker nations, economically, politically, culturally or militarily.
Imperialism
____________ is devotion to one’s country.
Nationalism
_____________ is a feeling of intense national pride and a desire for an aggressive foreign policy.
Jingoism
In 2022, how many days are saved traveling through the canal instead of around the tip of South America?
30
Among Latin Americans, the United States’ actions related to the Panama created ______..
ill will toward the United States
Anti-imperialists argued that imperialism rejected the principle of ________.
liberty for all
What disease defeated the French and forced them to abandon their plans for canal through Panama?
malaria
This gave the U.S. a permanent 10 mile wide strip in Panama through which to build a canal.
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
This was an extension of the Monroe Doctrine which claimed that the United States would exercise an “international police power.”
Roosevelt Corollary
______________ was the name for President Taft’s policy of encouraging American investing abroad.
Dollar Diplomacy
_______________ was a policy favoring open trade relations between China and other nations.
Open Door Policy
Teddy Roosevelt’s foreign policy can best be summed up with his favorite expression which was “Speak softly and carry a ________________ ; you will go far.”
Big Stick
The ________________ was a force of United States Navy ships that undertook a world cruise in 1907 to demonstrate the military power of the U.S.
Great White Fleet
16th Amendment
gave Congress the power to levy an income tax
17th Amendment
provided for the direct election of U.S. Senators
18th Amendment
prohibited the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages
19th Amendment
secured women the right to vote
direct primary
voters select candidates to run for political office
initiative
voters put issues and laws on the ballot
National Reclamation Act
planned and developed irrigation projects
Pure Food and Drug Act
prohibited deliberate mislabeling of products and required all ingredients to be listed
recall
voters can remove an official from office before the term is up
referendum
voters decide to approve or reject a law
civil disobedience
non violent refusal to obey a law
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
legalized strikes and peaceful picketing and exempted unions from anti-trust lawsuits
Muckrakers
investigative journalists who wanted to expose corruption
New Nationalism
the name for Theodore Roosevelt’s reform program
New Freedom
the name for Woodrow Wilson’s reform program
President Wilson established the Federal Reserve System to _____.
reorganize the federal banking system.
Woodrow Wilson won the Presidential election of 1912 partly due to ______
a split in the Republican vote.
A basic anti-suffrage argument was that women would ______
become too masculine.
According to journalist Henry George, how could Americans eliminate poverty?
by discouraging land speculation.
What action did Theodore Roosevelt take in the United Mine Workers’ strike in 1902?
He convinced both sides to submit to arbitration.
Over what were progressive Republicans angry at President Taft?
his handling of the Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
Which did municipal reformers favor in the early 1900’s?
city control of utilities
President Taft continued Roosevelt’s progressive program by _____
pursuing anti-trust cases.
Progressivism was diminished although the case for women’s suffrage was strengthened by _________.
World War I.
Which description characterizes Progressivism?
Progressivism was a reform movement that emerged in response to political corruption, the practices of big business, and problems associated with poverty.
Progressivism was a reform movement that emerged in response to political corruption, the practices of big business, and problems associated with poverty.
