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xmas 2022 > history > Flashcards

history Flashcards

1
Q

Name two types of sources of Evidence

A

primary and secondary source

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2
Q

what is history

A

the study of the past

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3
Q

what is a source

A

A source is something that gives us information about a person place or thing in the past

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4
Q

what is prehistory

A

the period of time before writing was used

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5
Q

what is Archaeology

A

is the study of the remains left by people in the past

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6
Q

what is historical consciousness

A

being able to place ourselves in past human experience linking the past the present and the future

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7
Q

what is historian

A

is someone who is an expert in or a student of history

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8
Q

what is archaeologist

A

investigates places and objects left by people in the past including the time before written records were kept

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9
Q

what is cross-checking

A

is more than one source is used to make sure the information is correct

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10
Q

what is archive

A

is a place where catalogues and stores a collection of written and other sources

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11
Q

what is a museum

A

is a place that collects and displays object

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12
Q

what is a primary source

A

is a source from the time of the event; a first-hand account of what happened.

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13
Q

what is a secondary source

A

is a source from a later date after the time of the event

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14
Q

what is an artefact

A

is any human-made object eg pottery tool or weapon such as a spear

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15
Q

what is an autobiography?

A

is an account of a person’s life written by the person themselves

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16
Q

a biography

A

is an account of a person’s life written by someone else

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17
Q

what is the difference between history and prehistory

A

history is the period of time when we had writing and prehistory is the period of time before writing

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18
Q

what is a census

A

the census is a survey of the population

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19
Q

what is a handling box?

A

contains replicas copies of artefacts so that anyone can examine them without damaging an original.

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20
Q

what is accuracy

A

judging how accurate/correct the information you are using is

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21
Q

what is a bias

A

when an account is not balanced but unfairly favours one side

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22
Q

what is an exaggeration

A

when something is represented as better or worse than it actually was

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23
Q

what is a propaganda

A

information that has been designed to influence the attitudes of the general public.

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24
Q

tactile source

A

one that can be touched -a physical object like an arefact

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25
Q

chronology

A

put events into the sequence in which they happened

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26
Q

reinterpretation

A

see something in a new or different light

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27
Q

plagiarism

A

passing someone else’s work or ideas off as your own without citing the real source

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28
Q

cite

A

to refer to evidence you have gathered or read

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29
Q

bronze age

A

the period when people made tools and weapons using bronze

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30
Q

excavation

A

is to dig

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31
Q

aerial photograph

A

a photo from an elevated position eg from a drone or helicopter.

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32
Q

test trench

A

is a hole dug to see if it is worth excavating the whole site?

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33
Q

topsoil

A

the topmost recent layer of soil

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34
Q

radiocarbon dating

A

the older the thing is the less carbon 14 it contains

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35
Q

hunter-gatherers

A

hunter animals and gathered berries and nuts

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36
Q

passage tomb

A

a narrow passage with one or more burial chambers made of large stones and covered in earth or stone

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37
Q

geophysical survey

A

is like an x-ray of the ground

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38
Q

neolithic

A

of the new stone age

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39
Q

corbelled roof

A

a domed roof built by overlapping stone until they meet at the top

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40
Q

pollen analysis

A

the study of pollen remains to find out what was growing at a site during a particular time period.

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41
Q

stratigraphy

A

to date artefacts and evidence by how deep in the ground they were when found.

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42
Q

dendrochronology

A

a method of dating that uses the unique growth patterns of tree rings as a guide

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43
Q

iron age

A

when people made tools out of iron

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44
Q

conservation

A

when historic objects are protected and preserved so that they do not decay

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45
Q

nomadic

A

they regularly moved from place to place.

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46
Q

grave goods

A

buried them with axes and other valuable items

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47
Q

wattle and daub

A

wooden sticks are woven together like a basket of wattle and covered with a mixture of mud sand and straw

48
Q

smelting

A

melting metal at a high temperature to separate it from the ore

49
Q

pagan

A

someone who worships various often with a focus on nature or the earth

50
Q

Druids

A

were spiritual figures similar to priests in pre-Christian Celtic Ireland.

51
Q

beehive hut

A

was a small stone hut shaped like a beehive where a monk slept.

52
Q

monks

A

men who dedicate themselves to a religious order and to life in a monastery

53
Q

orator

A

where monks prayed

54
Q

scriptorium

A

where manuscripts were copied by hand and illustrated

55
Q

manuscript

A

is a book written by hand

56
Q

refectory

A

was where the monks ate their meals

57
Q

round tower

A

was a bell tower and a safe place for people and treasures if the monastery came under attact

58
Q

high cross

A

is a free-standing stone cross usually with elaborate carvings showing biblical scenes

59
Q

longships

A

capable of crossing stormy seas but still shallow enough to sail up river

60
Q

Longphorts

A

camps by the water used as a base for raids

61
Q

republic

A

when the wealthy elite in the senate ruled in the name of the people.

62
Q

citizens

A

people who had rights under roman law

63
Q

forum

A

large town square that was the centre of business, political administration and religious worship

64
Q

amphitheatre

A

where gladiatorial games were held

65
Q

patricians

A

the wealthy noble families who ruled rome

66
Q

toga

A

a long white robe draped over the shoulder and down to the feet.

67
Q

stola

A

a long dress

68
Q

DOMUS

A

the large house of a patrician

69
Q

plebeians

A

the poor, who made up the vast majority of the roman population.

70
Q

Dole

A

a payment of free grain given to the plebeians

71
Q

insulae

A

the apartment blocks lived in by plebeians

72
Q

mosaic

A

picture made from small pieces of stone, glass or tile

73
Q

manumission

A

the freeing of a slave by their master after many years of service

74
Q

confirmation

A

roman wedding ceremony

75
Q

oratory

A

the art of public speaking

76
Q

gladiators

A

slaves who fought in amphitheatres for the entertainment of the crowd

77
Q

legionaries

A

roman foot soldiers

78
Q

polytheists

A

people who believed in many different gods

79
Q

monotheists

A

people who believed in only one god

80
Q

feudalism

A

the system of land ownership where rulers( kings, lords) divided the land among their followers in return for loyalty and taxes

81
Q

peasants

A

the people who worked on a lords land

82
Q

bailiff

A

the official on the manor who

83
Q

open field system

A

the system of farming where peasants were each given strips of land to farm in large fields

84
Q

fallow

A

the one field left empty every year to let it regain its nutrients

85
Q

the commons

A

a large field on the manor where the peasants animals grazed

86
Q

tithe

A

the payment of one-tenth of the peasants annual income to the church

87
Q

knights

A

warriors of noble birth who fought on horseback and swore an oath of chivalry

88
Q

oath of chivalry

A

sworn by a knight to be loyal to a lord and protect the weak

89
Q

charter

A

a contract whereby a town was granted freedom to run its own affairs but paid taxes to the king

90
Q

curfew

A

a rule that required people in towns to put out their fires at night

91
Q

guild

A

an organisation of people who worked in the same trade

92
Q

masterpiece

A

a piece of work presented to the guild to judge if someone was good enough to become a master craftsman.

93
Q

Christendom

A

the kingdom of Christ referring to Europe.

94
Q

rule of St Benedict

A

the strict set of rules that monks lived by

95
Q

friars

A

monks who travelled around the country tending to the poor and the sick

96
Q

normans

A

descendants of the Vikings who settled in Normandy in France and conquered England and Ireland.

97
Q

the pale

A

the area around Dublin directly under the control of the English king

98
Q

anglo Irish

A

descendants of the Norman conquerors who adopted many Irish customs and intermarried with the leading Gaelic families

99
Q

renaissance

A

means rebirth. refers to the period of European history that saw huge changes in art. literature and science .

100
Q

humanism

A

the idea that human beings should be at the centre of everything and we should think about the world in terms of the lives of people live

101
Q

Patron

A

a wealthy person who commissioned (hired) an artist to produce an artwork

102
Q

fresco

A

a method of painting directly onto wet plaster

103
Q

sfumato

A

a painting technique that blurs or smudges lines and colours to soft textures and creates a smoky effect

104
Q

perspective

A

the creation of depth and distance in painting

105
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structure of the human body

106
Q

movable type

A

a method of printing books that placed individual metal letters into a frame

107
Q

printing press

A

to form words, coated them with ink and pressed the frame onto paper

108
Q

vernacular

A

language as spoken by people in their native country

109
Q

sonnet

A

a fourteen-line rhyming poem form popular during the renaissance

110
Q

astronomy

A

the study of the planets and stars

111
Q

heresy

A

knowingly holding a view that went against the official teachings of the catholic church.

112
Q

Quadrant, astrolabe

A

instruments that determined a ship’s latitude (the distance from the equator) by using the position of the stars and the sun

113
Q

compass

A

an instrument used to identify the north and so calculate the direction of the ship

114
Q

log and line

A

measured a ship’s speed in knots by letting out a rope whit knots tied in it at regular intervals

115
Q

caravel

A

a type of ship large and sturdy enough to make long journeys and sail in all winds. caravels used lateen sails and had carvel built hulls

116
Q

conquistadores

A

Spanish for conquerers soldiers who conquered the native peoples of south america

117
Q

colonisation

A

when a country takes over another territory and settles some of its own people there to control it

xmas 2022 (5 decks)

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