History

Question 1

1.1) Belle Époque

Answer 1

French: ‘fine period’; period of peace and prosperity in Europe and the USA preceding the First World War

Question 2

1.1) The Great War:

Answer 2

another name for the First World War

Question 3

1.1) arms race:

Answer 3

competition between nations to build the most weapons

Question 4

1.1) militarism

Answer 4

glorifying the army

Question 5

1.1) Allies:

Answer 5

alliance between France, Britain, Russia and the USA during the First World War

Question 6

1.1) Central Powers:

Answer 6

alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottomans during the First World War

Question 7

1.1) two-front war:

Answer 7

war in which a country had to fight battles in separate locations at the same general time

Question 8

1.1) Schlieffen Plan:

Answer 8

German strategy to invade France through Belgium and after defeating the French to send their soldiers to the Eastern Front to fight the Russians

Question 9

1.2) mobilisation:

Answer 9

preparing the army for battle and moving the soldiers to the borders

Question 10

1.2) neutrality

Answer 10

policy of a nation not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, war etc.

Question 11

1.2) Battle of the Marne:

Answer 11

battle in 1914, in which the advance of the German troops through France was halted

Question 12

1.2) trench war

Answer 12

a war in which both sides build a heavily defended frontline

Question 13

1.2) trenches

Answer 13

long, narrow ditches defended with bunkers, machineguns and barbed wire

Question 14

1.2) artillery

Answer 14

long range guns or missile launchers used in warfare on land

Question 15

1.3) U-boat

Answer 15

German submarine

Question 16

1.3) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Answer 16

peace treaty between the new government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, signed in March 1918

Question 17

1.3) total war:

Answer 17

when every civilian in a country has to focus on winning the war

Question 18

1.3) armistice

Answer 18

agreement by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting; truce

Question 19

1.4) Fourteen Points:

Answer 19

US president Wilson’s principles for peace to be used for the peace negotiations in order to end World War I

Question 20

1.4) Treaty of Versailles:

Answer 20

peace treaty that brought World War I to an end and in which the Allies
defined the future of Germany

Question 21

1.4) war reparations

Answer 21

compensation paid by a defeated nation for the damage it inflicted during a war

Question 22

1.4) League of Nations:

Answer 22

international organisation founded in 1920 to maintain world peace and to prevent future wars; in 1946 replaced by the United Nations

Question 23

1.4) national self-determination:

Answer 23

the right of peoples to form a nation

Question 24

1.4) secular

Answer 24

not related to religion; in a secular state there is a separation between Church and State