history Flashcards
14 Points
Woodrow Wilson made these points that he thought would help bring stability back to Europe. Focuses on everyone. Intention to stop another war.
Abdicate
To give up a position of authority
Ace
A fighter pilot who has shot down five enemy aircraft
Armistice
An agreement by warring parties to end hostilities
Artillery
Large guns used to fire shells
Assimilation
Adoption of the customs and language of another cultural group so that the
original culture disappears
Attrition
A strategy based on exhausting the enemy’s manpower and resolves before yours are exhausted, usually involving great losses on both sides
Autonomy
The power to govern oneself and make one’s own decisions
Balance of Power
A distribution and opposition of forces among nations such that no single nation is strong enough to assert its will or dominate all the others
BEF/CEF
They contributed to a growing sense of national identity for the colony of Canada.
Biplane
An airplane with two sets of wings, one on top of the body and one underneath
Black Hand
A terrorist group of Bosnian Serbs that was determined to free Bosnia from Austria-Hungary
Bolshevik
Social revolutionaries (the Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party), overthrew the Provincial Government promising the war-weary public “peace and bread”.
Byng Boys
The nickname Carers were called because Julian Bygn was their leader who helped them train which had allowed them to win
Canary/Canaries
women working in the factories getting poisoned by TNT
Casualty
Those injured, killed, captured or missing in action
Chlorine gas
was a green (with a tin of yellow) coloured gas that smells like pineapple and pepper. It is heavier than air. If someone inhales they will experience pain in throat and chest, felt like suffocation, vomiting, ect.Lips and falmouth dried up. Weak feeling in legs.
Communist
One who believes that property and the production and distribution of goods and services should be owned by the public and that the labour force should be organized for the benefit of all;
Conscientious Objector
A person who opposes war for religious or moral reasons
Conscription
Forced enlistment in the armed forces of all fit men of certain ages
Convoy
A group of ships travelling together protected by an armed force
Dogfight
Aerial duel between aircraft
Dreadnought
Largest and fastest battleship in the world, launched in 1906. Britain created this when Germany wanted to make its navy larger. This ship cost over $10 dollars. Means “Fear Not”
Duckboard
Placed at the bottom of the trenches to cover the sump-pits, the drainage holes which were made at intervals along one side of the trench.
Enemy Alien
A national lying in a country that is at war with his/her homeland
Ethnocentrism
One’s ethnicity is the centre of the world and it should be spread to all other peoples to make them better.
Fire step
So that soldiers in front-line trenches could fire through the parapet, a fire-step was dug into the forward side of the trench. The fire-step was 2 or 3 ft high.
Head tax
The fee that Chinese immigrants were required to pay after 1885 in order to enter Canada
Homesteader
Newcomers who claim and settled land
Imperialism
The policy of one nation of acquiring, controlling or dominating another country or region
Indian Act
An act created to regulate the lives of the First Nations of Canada
Internment Camp
A government-run camp where people who are considered a threat are detained
Khaki election
The name was given to the 1917 federal elections because of Borden’s efforts to win the military vote
Last Hundred Days
The final allied offensive against the central powers on the Western Front from Aug 8 - Nov 11, 1918
Lusitania
A British passenger liner (1915) that was sunk by a German U-Boat.
MacAdam Shovel
A piece of equipment given to the Canadian army in WW1. It is designed to dig with it and use it as a shield to shoot. It was impractical
Merchant Marine
Civilian ships and sailors that transported food, weapons and munitions
Metis
France came to Canada for beavers, never left and started families. They are a mix of native and French)
Militarism
A nation’s policy of enlisting, training, equipping and maintaining armed forces ready for war
Military Service Act
A 1917 Act that made conscription compulsory for all Canadian men between the ages 20-45, calling up the younger man first.
Mobilization
Call another country to fight (To move) Ex. Russia mobilizes its armed forces
Mustard gas
Was a blistering gas, smelt like mustard and nastiest gas. Causes injury and suffering. Was very corrosive on the skin and caused blistering and scarring (Inside and outside of the body). COuld cling to the ground for days
Nationalism
Devotion to and support of one’s culture and nation, sometimes resulting in the promotion of independence
No man’s land
The area between the trenches of two opposing forces
Paris Peace Conference
A meeting in Paris in 1919 to discuss the terms of a peace agreement after the First World War
Patriotism
Devoted love, support and defence of one’s country; national loyalty
Profiteering
Making a profit by raising prices on needed goods or producing poor-quality materials
Propaganda
Information, usually produced by the government, is presented in such a way as to inspire and spread particular beliefs or opinions.
Pull Factors
Ex. job (self-employment)/ 60 acres of land, family connections, freedom of religion
Push Factors
Ex. War, poverty, economy, government corruption, persecuted, discrimination, violence, forced military
Rationing
A civilian effort to consume less and conserve supplies on the home front
Recession
A decline in the economy, resulting in lower levels of employment and production
Reconnaissance
A military search or exploration
Residential Schools
Government-authorized schools, run by the churches, in which Aboriginal children lived apart from their families and were educated in Canadian culture
Romanticism
Duty to fight for mother country, glory, adventure, see the world, hero
Ross Rifle
A precise rifle best used by snipes. Given to the Canadian army in WW1. It was difficult to maintain, use and clean.
Sapper
A soldier employed in the construction of fortifications. Trenches or tunnels that approach or undermine enemy positions.
Sarajevo
Where the assination of Archduke Franz Fernidad and Archduchess Sophia took place
Schlieffen Plan
Germany’s plan to stage a two-front war with Russia in the east and France in the west
Self-determination
The freedom for a group to form it own government
Sharpshooter
A person skilled in shooting
Shell shock
AKA PTSD, post traumatic stress disorder, the result of all these battlefields and trench conditions was a horrible mental illness. Is unable to cope any longer with the horrors surrounding them and their mind breaks down
Slavic
Relating to peoples in eastern, southeastern and central Europe, including Russians, Serbians, Croatians, Poles, Czechs and so forth
Sniper
A person who shoots from a hiding place, especially accurately and at long range
Suffragist
A person who advocated that women should have the right to vote
Thrift stamps -
Come in a book but for fuel, sugar, flour. Cut down on profiteering and so that no one hoards food
Treaty of Versailles
One of the treaties that ended the First World War; it imposed strict sanctions on Germany
Trench Foot
A fungal infection of the feet caused by cold, wet and unsanitary trench conditions
Tri-Plane -
An airplane with three sets of wings, one on top of the body and one underneath
Triple Alliance (Central Powers) -
The alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy prior to the First World War
Triple Entente
The alliance of France, Britain and Russia prior to the First World War
U-Boat
A German ship that was a threat because it travel underwater without being detected
Ultimatum
A demand which if not met, will end a relationship or otherwise result in some serious consequence
Unrestricted U-Boat Warfare
No restriction on who you can sink. 1915-1917 was when this stopped because of Lusitania
Valcartier Camp
A camp in Quebec built in 4 weeks to house and train Canada’s soldiers
Victory bond
Bonds issued by the Canadian government to support the war effort
War Guilt Clause
An article in the Treaty of Versailles that made Germany responsible for starting the First World War
Wartime Elections Act
An act gives the federal government emergency powers during wartime, including the right to detain people without laying charges
Western Front
They are off fighting in western Europe during the First World War, characterized by trench warfare and inconclusive battles with heavy casualties on both sides
War Measures Act (WMA)
An act the gives the federal government emergency powers during wartime, including the right to detain people without laying charades
White Star Gas
AKA phosgene gas. Was colourless and the only way you could see it was through the smell of moldy hay . Is called white star because of the symbol drawn on the gas shells. Was deadlier than chlorine. Stole oxygen cells from a person’s body. Took 24-48 for symptoms to kick in.
Zeppelin
Filled with hydrogen. Blows up when hit with incendiary bullets. Goes up high
