History Flashcards
1
Q
Stonehenge location?
A
County of Wiltshire
2
Q
Skara Brae location?
A
Orkney, Scotand
3
Q
Tombs in Bronze Age
A
Round barrows
4
Q
What is Maiden Castle
A
Hill fort in Dorset, Iron Age
5
Q
55BC, who invaded?
A
Romans - Julius Caesar but unsuccessful
6
Q
43AD, who invaded?
A
Romans, Claudius - successful
7
Q
Who fought the Romans in AD43?
A
Boudicca, the queen of Iceni
Statue in Westminster Bridge
8
Q
Was Scotland invaded by the Romans?
A
No
Emperor Hadrian build a wall
Wall can be seen in Housesteads and Vindolanda
9
Q
How long did Romans rule Britain?
A
400years
Left in AD410 to defend the Empire and never returned
10
Q
What happened in AD600?
A
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms was established
One of the kings was buried in Sutton Hoo (Suffolk)
11
Q
Famous missionaries in Britain?
A
St Patrick
St Columba - island of Iona
St Augustine - First Archibishop pf Canterbury
12
Q
Vikings invasion - when?
A
AD789
13
Q
Who gathered the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms?
A
King Alfred the Great
Defeated the Vikings
Danelaw - current Grimsby and Scunthorpe
14
Q
First Danish king that ruled England?
A
Cnut/Canute
15
Q
First king of Scotland
A
Kenneth MacAlpin
16
Q
Norman Conquest - Who and when?
Which Battle?
A
William, Duke of Normandy defeated Harold, the Saxon King
Battle of Hastings, 1066
William become William the Conqueror
Tapestry - BAYEUX TAPESTRY
17
Q
What is Domesday Book?
A
Book with people who lived and owned the land
18
Q
What happened in 1284?
A
King Edward I of England annexed Wales
Statute of Rhuddlan
19
Q
Battle of Bannockburn
A
1314
Between England and Scotland
Robert the Bruce
20
Q
Invasion to Ireland
A
1200 in Pale, near Dublin
21
Q
Hundred Years War
A
Between France and England
lasted 116yrs actually
Battle of Agincourt in 1415
King Henry V
22
Q
When was Black Death?
A
1348
23
Q
Was is Gentry
A
owners of large land
24
Q
Magna Carta - what is it?
A
Charter of Rights
King was subject to law
Protected the nobles and restricted the king’s power to collect tax and change laws
Parliament was build - House of Lords and Common
25
Scottish Parliament - the difference?
Three Houses / Estates
| Lords, Commons and Clergy
26
Name of first book during Pilgrimage?
The Canterbury Tale
William Caxton
Collection of poems
27
Who is Geoffrey Chaucer
English poet
28
Who is John Barbour
Scottish poet who wrote the Bruce and the Battle of Bannockburn
29
War of Roses - When and who?
1455 - 1485
House of Lancaster - Henry Tudor
House of York - King Richard III
Battle of Bosworth Field
Henry Tudor becomes Henry VII
30
What did Henry VII do
Centralised the power and reduced power of the nobles
31
Henry VIII - what did he do
Married six times
| Established Church of England - Protestant and Reformation
32
Henry VIII's wives?
Catherine of Aragon, Spanish - Daughter was Mary
Anne Boleyn - Daughter was Elizabeth, got executed
Jane Seymour - Son was Edward
Annes of Cleves - German princess for polical reasons
Catherine Howard - Executed
Catherine Parr
33
Who succeeded Henry VIII?
Edward VI - wrote the book of Common Prayer
Mary - killed many Protestant - Blood Mary
Elizabeth I, Protestant
34
What did Elizabeth achieve?
No serious religious conflicts
Did not force practice
Defeated the Spanish Armada - large fleet ship in 1588
She was not married and James VI of Scotland became King James I of England
35
Protestant in Scotland
In 1560, Scottish parliament made catholic practice illegal
Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland was Catholic
Fled to France and gave throne to James VI of Scotland
Mary was executed by Elizabeth for plotting against Elizabeth I
36
Sir Francis Drake - who was he?
Defeated the Spanish Armada
His ship was Golden Hind
Went around the world
37
William Shakespeare
1564 - 1616
Born in Stratford Upon Avon
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Famous plays:
MIdsummer Night's Dream
Hamlet
Macbeth
Romeo and Juliet
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38
Was James I and his son Charles I successful?
Not politically
Believed in Divine rights of the King
Tried to rule without parliament
39
English Civil war
Charles I tried to introduce a revised Prayer Book to the Presbyterian Church in Scotland - not successful
1640 - could not get Army by Parliament despite Scottish invasion
Parliament had Puritans
Took the opportunity to take over
Civil war in 1642 - Cavaliers vs Roundheads
40
Battles of Marston Moor and Naseby
1646 - the king lost
Charles I was executed in 1649
Republic was formed, Commonhealth
Oliver Cromwell as leader
41
Battle of Dunbar and Worcester
Scots did not agree to the Parliament
Charles II became King of Scotland
Lost to Cromwell and fled to Europe
42
Richard Cromwell
Son of Oliver Cromwell
Succeeded as Lord Protector
not able to control the army or the grovernment
43
Restoration
May 1660
Charles II became King of England
Great fire destroyed London - St Paul was rebuild by Sir Christopher Wren
44
Habeas Corpus Act
Law in 1679
| You must present the person in Court
45
Royal Society
Promote natural knowledge
| Notable members - Sir Edmund Halley and Sir Isaac Newton
46
Glorious Revolution
James II was Catholic, conflict with the parliament
Mary, his daughter, with her husband William of Orange took over England
James II fled to France so no fight happened
Guaranteed power to the Parliament
James II invaded Ireland and lost to William at the Battles of Boyne in 1690
Asked Scots but defeated in Killiecrankie
Scottish clans signed an Oath but MacDonalds of Glencoe was late and got killed
47
Declaration of Rights
1689
The Bill of Rights - Constitutional monarchy
rights of the Parliament and the limits of the king's power
Whigs and Tories
1695 - free press, no need of government licence
48
Start of Constitutional monarchy
More power to the ministry
People had the right to vote - property owner
Pocket borough and rotten borough
49
Immigration
Jews - 1656
| 1680 and 1720 - refugees called Huguenots
50
Act of Union
Treaty of Union with Scotland in 1707
| Scotland kept its own legal and education systems and Presbyterian Church
51
Prime Minister
Queen Anne died and George I was brought from Germany as he was the closest Protestant relative
He did not speak very good English and the most important minister became Prime Minister
Robert Walpole - 1721-1742
52
Battle of Culloden
1746
Charles Edward Stuart vs George II
Charles was supported by Scottish highlands clansmen
Charles lost and fled to France
53
Robert Burns
Scottish Poet
The Bard
1759 - 1796
Auld Lang Syne
54
Enlightenment
Many of the thinkers were Scottish
Adam Smith - Economics
David Hume - human nature
James Watt - Steam power
55
Industrial revolution
Agriculture and manufacturing goods became mechanised
Bessemer Process - mass production of Steel led to shipbuilding industry and railways
Poor working conditions
56
Richard Arkwright
1732-1792
Worked as a barber
Started to work in textile and improved carding machine
57
Colonisation
Captain James Cook - Australia
Canada
East india company
58
Sake Dean Mahomet
1759-1851
Bengal region in India
Served in Bengal army and came to Britain in 1782
Eloped with an Irish Girl, Jane Daly
In 1810, HIndoostane Coffee House in George Street London
59
Slave trade
Anti-slavery group - Quakers in 1700s
William Wilberforce, Abolishonist
1807 - illegal to trade slaves in the UK
1833, Emancipation Act abolished slavery throughout the Empire
60
Independence of colonies
War of Independence on 1776 by USA
| Allowed independence to colonies 1783
61
War with France
1789 - French Revolution, Napoleon continued war
1805 - Battle of Trafalgar
HMS Victory - Admiral Nelson's ship
1815 - French Wars ended
Battle of Waterloo - Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon
Wellington became Prime Minister
62
Victorian Age
1837, Queen Victoria
| Reigned until 1901
63
Corn Laws
1846
| Promoted free trade
64
Working situation in 1847
Changed to 10hrs working hours for women and children
65
George and Robert Stephenson
Pioneered railway engine
66
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
1806-1859
Engineer who build tunnels, bridges and railway lines
Great Wester Railway
Clifton Suspension Bridge
67
Great Exhibition
1851
| Hyde Park in the Crystal Palace
68
Crimean War
1853-1856
Fought with Turkey and France against Russia
Conditions were bad and many soldiers passed away from the injuries
Victorian Cross Medal was introduced
69
Florence Nightingale
1820-1910
Trained as nurse in Germany
Improved conditions and founded modern nursing
Established the Nightingale training school for nurses
70
Reform Act of 1832
Abolished pocket and rotten borough
| Voting still based on ownership of property
71
Reform Act of 1867
Campain from Chartists
| Needed less of property but still many people coudl not vote
72
Act of Parliament 1870 and 1882
Gave rights to wives to keep ownership of earnings and property
73
Emmeline Pankhurst
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1858 - 1928
Set up Women Franchise League in 1889
1903 - Women's Social and Political Union
Suffragettes
1918 - Rights to vote at age of 30
1928 - Right to vote at age of 21
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74
Boer War
1899 - 1902
| Went to War in South Africa with Settlers from Netherland - Boers
75
Rudyard Kipling
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1865 - 1936
Born in India
Wrote books and poems, reflected ideas that British Empire was a force for good
1907 Nobel Prize in Literature
Just So Stories and The Jungle Book
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