History 10 mid term exam

Question 1

Feudalism

Answer 1

A political and social order where nobles offered protection and land in return for military and agricultural services

Question 2

Carolingian Empire

Question 3

sinvasions of the Norsemen/Vikings

Question 4

military and agricultural services

Question 5

lords

Question 6

vassals

Question 7

knights

Question 8

fiefs

Question 9

feudal contract

Question 10

chivalry

Question 11

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Question 12

agricultural advancements

Question 13

climate warmer

Question 14

carruca

Question 15

three field rotation

Question 16

the Manorial system

Answer 16

Landholding nobles owned large agricultural estates, or manors, which made their leisurely lifestyle possible. Manors were worked by peasants and serfs who did so in exchange for protection and the chance to own a small piece of land.

Question 17

peasants

Question 18

serfs

Answer 18

peasants who were legally bound to their lord and the lord’s land

Question 19

lord/serf relationship

Question 20

revival of trade

Answer 20

In the eleventh and twelfth centuries (the 1200s-1300s), Europe experienced a revival of trade. Trade developed gradually, with Venice and other Italian cities trading in the Mediterranean and towns in Flanders becoming hubs of commerce in Northern Europe. The rise in trade brought about the need for trade alliances, like the Hanseatic League. Eventually, the heavy trade between northern Europe, Italy, and the East resulted in the creation of an economic system based on money. Gold and silver coinage.

Question 21

commerce/merchants

Question 22

growth of cities

Question 23

guilds

Question 24

lay investiture

Question 25

Pope Gregory VII

Question 26

Investiture Controversy

Question 27

Concordat of Worms

Question 28

papal supremacy

Question 29

interdict

Question 30

Sacraments

Question 31

The Inquisition

Question 32

heresy/heretics

Question 33

Dominicans

Question 34

veneration of saints

Question 35

relics

Question 36

pilgrimage

Question 37

Pope Urban II

Question 38

infidels

Question 39

First Crusade

Question 40

Third Crusade

Question 41

Saladin

Question 42

Richard I of England

Question 43

Fourth Crusade

Question 44

Italian port cities

Question 45

Crusader States

Question 46

ribbed vaults and pointed arches

Question 47

flying buttress

Question 48

Gothic Cathedrals

Question 49

scholasticism

Question 50

Anselm of Catenbury

Question 51

Thomas Aquinas

Question 52

Roger Bacon

Question 53

vernacular

Question 54

John Wyclif

Question 55

John Hus

Question 56

little ice age

Question 57

Great Famine

Question 58

Black Death

Question 59

economic consequences

Question 60

social consequences