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Geography exam > History 1 Term 1 > Flashcards

History 1 Term 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

The treaty which officially ended WWI and which punished Germany severely for its role in the conflict

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2
Q

Reparations

A

payment for damages after a war

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3
Q

League of Nations

A

An international organisation formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nation

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4
Q

Roaring Twenties

A

A period of time in which Americans enjoyed great prosperity and entertainment

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5
Q

Great depression

A

A global economic crisis caused by the collapse of the New York Stock Exchange in 1929

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6
Q

Black Tuesday

A

October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression.

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7
Q

Lebensraum

A

Hitler’s idea of creating ‘living space’ for the German people in Eastern Europe

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8
Q

Gleischaltung

A

The ‘Nazification’ of Germany - Nazi control of all political, social, cultural and economic life

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9
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

The fascist leader of Germany from 1933-45

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10
Q

Nazi Party

A

the political party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933

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11
Q

Führer

A

Adolf Hitler’s title as chancellor and head of state in Germany

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12
Q

Mein Kampf

A

“My Struggle”-a book written by Adolf Hitler during his imprisonment in 1923-1924, in which he set forth his beliefs and his goals for Germany

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13
Q

Fascism

A

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

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14
Q

Militarism

A

The idea that a country’s problems can always be solved with aggression

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15
Q

Gestapo/SS

A

Nazi secret police

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16
Q

Rhineland (1936)

A

German troops occupied the demilitarised Rhineland in violation of the Treaty of Versailles

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17
Q

Anschluss (1938)

A

The union of Germany and Austria banned by the Treaty of Versailles

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18
Q

Sudentenland (1938)

A

Germany reclaimed the Sudentenland unopposed after making a deal with Britain and France

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19
Q

Appeasement

A

The French and British policy of giving in to Germany’s demands in order to prevent war

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20
Q

Isolationism

A

The US foreign policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs after WWI

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21
Q

German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (1939)

A

Treaty between Germany and the Soviet Union in which both nations agreed to remain neutral in the event either were attacked by another country

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22
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

Leader of the USSR during WWII

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23
Q

Neville Chamberlain

A

British Prime Minister before WWII; claimed to have achieved ‘peace in our time’

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24
Q

Battle of the Atlantic (1939-1945)

A

the fight for control of the ocean shipping lanes between U-Boats and Allied ships

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25
Q

U-Boats

A

German submarines

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26
Q

Battle of Britain (1940)

A

series of air strikes on Britain by Germany from August to November of 1940 in an attempt to gain air supremacy

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27
Q

blitz

A

Sustained bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany between 1940 and 1941

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28
Q

RAF

A

British Royal Air Force

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29
Q

luftwaffe

A

The German air force

30
Q

North African Campaign (1940-1943)

A

Allied efforts to prevent the capture of the Suez Canal by the Germans

31
Q

Battle of El Alamein (1942)

A

Combined German and Italian armies are finally defeated by Allied forces in Egypt; turning point in North African Campaign

32
Q

Battle of Stalingrad (1942)

A

The turning point in World War II between Germany and the USSR. Was the last major offensive attack on the Soviet Union. Germany lost.

33
Q

D Day (1944)

A

On 6 June 1944 the allies staged a mass invasion of France in order to push German troops out of occupied Europe; beginning of the Battle of Normandy

34
Q

Battle of Okinawa (1945)

A

One of the bloodiest battles of WWII; fought between the US and Japan with total casualties in excess of 200,000 in total. Allied victory.

35
Q

Rats of Tobruk (1941)

A

The name given to Australian troops fighting in Libya by the Germans; meant to be an insult but was adopted as a nickname by troops

36
Q

Fall of Singapore (1942)

A

Loss of Singapore to Japan; largest British surrender in history

37
Q

Kokoda (1942)

A

A jungle track in Papua New Guinea along which Australian and Papuan troops fought a successful series of battles against the Japanese

38
Q

The Battle for Australia (1942)

A

A label given to the Kokoda campaign due to the proximity of the fighting to the Australian mainland, and the perceived importance of Allied victory to prevent a land invasion

39
Q

Bombing of Darwin (1942)

A

Air raid by Japanese air force on Australian city of Darwin; over 250 killed

40
Q

Burma-Thailand Railway

A

built by Australian POWs in 1943; they lived through an inadequate diet and appalling work conditions

41
Q

Volunteer Defence Corps

A

Organisation allowing Australians to support the war effort at home

42
Q

Coastwatchers

A

Small groups stationed along the Australian coastline to watch for Japanese invasion

43
Q

Rationing

A

Restricting the amount of food and other goods people may buy during wartime to assure adequate supplies for the military

44
Q

Conscription

A

compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.

45
Q

Internment Camps

A

Detention centres where Australians with Japanese, German or Italian heritage were relocated during WWII

46
Q

Genocide

A

The deliberate, systematic extermination of an entire people

47
Q

Anti-Semitism

A

A term used to describe prejudice and discrimination against the Jewish people

48
Q

Dehumanisation

A

the attribution of nonhuman characteristics and denial of human qualities to groups other than one’s own

49
Q

Scapegoating

A

Blaming an innocent person or a group for one’s own troubles

50
Q

Holocaust

A

the Nazi program attempting to exterminate all European Jews

51
Q

Final Solution

A

Hitler’s plan to systematically murder the entire Jewish population of Europe in death camps

52
Q

Anti-semitic propaganda

A

Propaganda showing hatred toward Jewish people and creating stereotypes against them

53
Q

Aryan Race

A

The “superior” race idealised in Nazi ideology; typified by strength, height, blonde hair, and blue eyes

54
Q

Star of David

A

A symbol of the Jewish religion. Nazis forced Jews to wear it on the outside of all of their clothing.

55
Q

Ghettos

A

Sections of towns and cities in which Jews were forced to live

56
Q

Nuremberg Laws (1935)

A

Laws defining the status of Jews and withdrawing citizenship from persons of non-German blood.

57
Q

Kristallnacht (1938)

A

‘Night of Broken Glass’ on 9 November 1938 in which the Nazi Government promoted a night of violence against German Jews and their property

58
Q

Der Stürmer

A

Anti-Semitic news publication; edited by Julius Streicher

59
Q

Auschwitz

A

The biggest Nazi death camp of all; located in Poland

60
Q

Pearl Harbour

A

A US naval base in Hawaii which was attacked by the Japanese on 6 December 1941, bringing the US into WWII

61
Q

President Franklin D. Roosevelt

A

US president during WWII

62
Q

Hirohito

A

Emperor of Japan during WWII

63
Q

Henry Stimson

A

US Secretary of War who advocated for the use of the atomic bomb against Japan

64
Q

Manhattan Project

A

A secret US project dedicated to the construction of the first nuclear weapons

65
Q

Trinity

A

The code name for the test bomb which was successfully detonated at Los Alamos in July 1945

66
Q

Franck Committee

A

A group of US scientists who spoke out against using the atomic bomb against Japan

67
Q

Island Hopping

A

The strategy used by the US to defeat Japan in WWII; they targeted important islands and bypassed others

68
Q

Bushido

A

a Samurai code of behaviour practiced by Japanese soldiers; belief that it was better to die in battle or commit suicide rather than be captured

69
Q

Kamikaze

A

a fighter plane used for suicide missions by Japanese pilots in World War II

70
Q

Hiroshima

A

The first Japanese city to be targeted by an atomic bomb; destroyed on 6 August 1945

71
Q

Enola Gay

A

The name given to the B29 superfortress bomber which delivered the atomic bomb to Hiroshima

Geography exam (3 decks)

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