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Geography exam > History 1 Term 1 > Flashcards

History 1 Term 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

The treaty which officially ended WWI and which punished Germany severely for its role in the conflict

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2
Q

Reparations

A

payment for damages after a war

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3
Q

League of Nations

A

An international organisation formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nation

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4
Q

Roaring Twenties

A

A period of time in which Americans enjoyed great prosperity and entertainment

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5
Q

Great depression

A

A global economic crisis caused by the collapse of the New York Stock Exchange in 1929

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6
Q

Black Tuesday

A

October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression.

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7
Q

Lebensraum

A

Hitler’s idea of creating ‘living space’ for the German people in Eastern Europe

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8
Q

Gleischaltung

A

The ‘Nazification’ of Germany - Nazi control of all political, social, cultural and economic life

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9
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

The fascist leader of Germany from 1933-45

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10
Q

Nazi Party

A

the political party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933

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11
Q

Führer

A

Adolf Hitler’s title as chancellor and head of state in Germany

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12
Q

Mein Kampf

A

“My Struggle”-a book written by Adolf Hitler during his imprisonment in 1923-1924, in which he set forth his beliefs and his goals for Germany

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13
Q

Fascism

A

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

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14
Q

Militarism

A

The idea that a country’s problems can always be solved with aggression

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15
Q

Gestapo/SS

A

Nazi secret police

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16
Q

Rhineland (1936)

A

German troops occupied the demilitarised Rhineland in violation of the Treaty of Versailles

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17
Q

Anschluss (1938)

A

The union of Germany and Austria banned by the Treaty of Versailles

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18
Q

Sudentenland (1938)

A

Germany reclaimed the Sudentenland unopposed after making a deal with Britain and France

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19
Q

Appeasement

A

The French and British policy of giving in to Germany’s demands in order to prevent war

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20
Q

Isolationism

A

The US foreign policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs after WWI

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21
Q

German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (1939)

A

Treaty between Germany and the Soviet Union in which both nations agreed to remain neutral in the event either were attacked by another country

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22
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

Leader of the USSR during WWII

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23
Q

Neville Chamberlain

A

British Prime Minister before WWII; claimed to have achieved ‘peace in our time’

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24
Q

Battle of the Atlantic (1939-1945)

A

the fight for control of the ocean shipping lanes between U-Boats and Allied ships

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25
U-Boats
German submarines
26
Battle of Britain (1940)
series of air strikes on Britain by Germany from August to November of 1940 in an attempt to gain air supremacy
27
blitz
Sustained bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany between 1940 and 1941
28
RAF
British Royal Air Force
29
luftwaffe
The German air force
30
North African Campaign (1940-1943)
Allied efforts to prevent the capture of the Suez Canal by the Germans
31
Battle of El Alamein (1942)
Combined German and Italian armies are finally defeated by Allied forces in Egypt; turning point in North African Campaign
32
Battle of Stalingrad (1942)
The turning point in World War II between Germany and the USSR. Was the last major offensive attack on the Soviet Union. Germany lost.
33
D Day (1944)
On 6 June 1944 the allies staged a mass invasion of France in order to push German troops out of occupied Europe; beginning of the Battle of Normandy
34
Battle of Okinawa (1945)
One of the bloodiest battles of WWII; fought between the US and Japan with total casualties in excess of 200,000 in total. Allied victory.
35
Rats of Tobruk (1941)
The name given to Australian troops fighting in Libya by the Germans; meant to be an insult but was adopted as a nickname by troops
36
Fall of Singapore (1942)
Loss of Singapore to Japan; largest British surrender in history
37
Kokoda (1942)
A jungle track in Papua New Guinea along which Australian and Papuan troops fought a successful series of battles against the Japanese
38
The Battle for Australia (1942)
A label given to the Kokoda campaign due to the proximity of the fighting to the Australian mainland, and the perceived importance of Allied victory to prevent a land invasion
39
Bombing of Darwin (1942)
Air raid by Japanese air force on Australian city of Darwin; over 250 killed
40
Burma-Thailand Railway
built by Australian POWs in 1943; they lived through an inadequate diet and appalling work conditions
41
Volunteer Defence Corps
Organisation allowing Australians to support the war effort at home
42
Coastwatchers
Small groups stationed along the Australian coastline to watch for Japanese invasion
43
Rationing
Restricting the amount of food and other goods people may buy during wartime to assure adequate supplies for the military
44
Conscription
compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.
45
Internment Camps
Detention centres where Australians with Japanese, German or Italian heritage were relocated during WWII
46
Genocide
The deliberate, systematic extermination of an entire people
47
Anti-Semitism
A term used to describe prejudice and discrimination against the Jewish people
48
Dehumanisation
the attribution of nonhuman characteristics and denial of human qualities to groups other than one's own
49
Scapegoating
Blaming an innocent person or a group for one's own troubles
50
Holocaust
the Nazi program attempting to exterminate all European Jews
51
Final Solution
Hitler's plan to systematically murder the entire Jewish population of Europe in death camps
52
Anti-semitic propaganda
Propaganda showing hatred toward Jewish people and creating stereotypes against them
53
Aryan Race
The "superior" race idealised in Nazi ideology; typified by strength, height, blonde hair, and blue eyes
54
Star of David
A symbol of the Jewish religion. Nazis forced Jews to wear it on the outside of all of their clothing.
55
Ghettos
Sections of towns and cities in which Jews were forced to live
56
Nuremberg Laws (1935)
Laws defining the status of Jews and withdrawing citizenship from persons of non-German blood.
57
Kristallnacht (1938)
'Night of Broken Glass' on 9 November 1938 in which the Nazi Government promoted a night of violence against German Jews and their property
58
Der Stürmer
Anti-Semitic news publication; edited by Julius Streicher
59
Auschwitz
The biggest Nazi death camp of all; located in Poland
60
Pearl Harbour
A US naval base in Hawaii which was attacked by the Japanese on 6 December 1941, bringing the US into WWII
61
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
US president during WWII
62
Hirohito
Emperor of Japan during WWII
63
Henry Stimson
US Secretary of War who advocated for the use of the atomic bomb against Japan
64
Manhattan Project
A secret US project dedicated to the construction of the first nuclear weapons
65
Trinity
The code name for the test bomb which was successfully detonated at Los Alamos in July 1945
66
Franck Committee
A group of US scientists who spoke out against using the atomic bomb against Japan
67
Island Hopping
The strategy used by the US to defeat Japan in WWII; they targeted important islands and bypassed others
68
Bushido
a Samurai code of behaviour practiced by Japanese soldiers; belief that it was better to die in battle or commit suicide rather than be captured
69
Kamikaze
a fighter plane used for suicide missions by Japanese pilots in World War II
70
Hiroshima
The first Japanese city to be targeted by an atomic bomb; destroyed on 6 August 1945
71
Enola Gay
The name given to the B29 superfortress bomber which delivered the atomic bomb to Hiroshima

Geography exam (3 decks)

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