Historiography Flashcards
Cambridge companion to the cictercian order, M. G. Newman, some arguments
Cictercian order was not vastly different from Molseme until the Exordium Cistercii
First cictercians were not Ascetics
Founding documents have been contentious:
Return of Robert of Molseme was “international incident” and the instigators at Citeaux were highly capable
Boosted authority and responsibility of the abbots in terms of the space they presided over and their interpretation of the rule
Lesser nobility donated for the good of their souls
Apostolic gestation not the sole work of Bernard of Clairvaux
“Fame and Activity” of Bernard boosted the Order and he was innovative. Different views on where to place monasteries, style of manuscripts produced
Bernard’s influence overshadowed the Order by 1160s
“Rapid growth and prominence” in the second half of the 12th Century
Economic expansion was not a move away from the rule, but attention to the rule rather than “abstract” concept of poverty”
Tension with lay brothers, inferior but economically significant
Conservative, but “flexible”
balance of traditional monastic ideals religious “framework” and new additions…“distinctly Cistercian”
Noble Benefactors Ie Louis IX for nobility other than Kings
Incentive to “modernise” due to Mendicant orders on the rise
1220-45, took over 20 orders. “Experts” on Monasticism
R. Bartlett, The Making of Europe, some arguments
Four stages to monastic growth 10th-13th centuries:
1) Benedictine rule, independent houses, funded by manorialism
“The Largest benedictine Monasteries were the richest corporations in Europe”
2) Cluniac houses subordinate to the abbey, and also those who replicated Cluny’s policies without being subordinate. “unsophisticated” to contrast Cistercian hierarchy
3) Cistercian monasteries expanded far beyond their roots as far as Ireland, whilst Cluny was “geographically limited”. “administrative network” as opposed to Cluny’s “prayer union”. Need to invest and remain cloistered
Compares “mobile but responsible” dominicans and disobedient Cistercians to reflect a paradigm shift in ideas about monastic ideals
from “localism” to “mobility” and increased “administrative complexity”
Cistercians had 500 houses in yr1, Fransicans had 1400
Expansion made possible by new level of legal articulation and international organisation. Principles and frameworks could be reproduced in legal documents, or be demonstrated with mobile monks
Somerville, A Short History of Our Religion
“If Abelard was the great radical of his age, Bernard - St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153)- was the greatest conservative…”
…his monastery, overshadowed Rome…
Formation of a Persecuting Society - R.I. Moore.: Simply
Formation of a Persecuting Society - R.I. Moore.: Simply because they existed, they were in opposition to the established church. This alone can explain their persecution
The Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade
By M. D. Costen:
- Heretical as they were anticlerical? The Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade
By M. D. Costen:
G. Ausudisio, The Walsendian Dissent
- Social causes suggested in G. Ausudisio, The Walsendian Dissent. Dislike by priests who had lost favour with the lay people in favour of the Walsendians ?
From G. Ausudisio, The Walsendian Dissent K.-V. Selge has clearly shown that VaudeÁs and his
fellows did not only remain orthodox, but also had no intention of doing
otherwise
Evidence for Dualism in Inquisitorial
Registers of the 1240s: A Contribution to
a Debate CLAIRE TAYLOR:
Evidence for Dualism in Inquisitorial
Registers of the 1240s: A Contribution to
a Debate CLAIRE TAYLOR:
- Orthodoxy’s need to define itself against something
- Heresy “resonated with those suffering economically and socially”
Evidence for Dualism in Inquisitorial
Registers of the 1240s: A Contribution to
a Debate CLAIRE TAYLOR:
- Not self-defining!
Janet Nelson (1972)
Janet Nelson (1972)
- Early middle ages: “stable” society and religion
- Socioeconomic change (agricultural revolution) –> New society unstable
- “Marginal men” and the “crisis of theodicy”
- Reaffirmation of old tradition –> Rigidity and build of pressure –> Heretical ideas
(Shahar, S. The Fourth Estate: A History of Women in the Middle Ages
- A women’s marital status was noted, a man’s was not. Suggests more important consequences for women than men (Shahar, S. The Fourth Estate: A History of Women in the Middle Ages,5 )
In PRACTICE, education was “elementary” but so was the noblemans who was “not distinguished by his educational level” (157)
- Bernard Silvestris, About the Universe, is dominated by the “‘Great Mother’” figure but did not either “affect or reflect reality (Shahar, S. The Fourth Estate: A History of Women in the Middle Ages, 7)
- “Ambivalent” discussion - Entirely “academic” debate (34) - Debated on the “plane” of grace, not in the “terrestrial church” (35)
- Widows enjoyed greater freedoms “than any other type of woman in medieval society”
“…negative common denominator for the women of all classes” was inequality.
The Cistercians in the Middle Ages, / Jane Burton and Julie Kerr
The Cistercians in the Middle Ages, / Jane Burton and Julie Kerr, on the spread of the order
Impetus for exapnsion from Molsene was religious, ie to “live by the rule of st Benedict”
Constance Hoffman Berman, The Cistercian evolution
Constance Hoffman Berman, The Cistercian evolution, 2: Expansion more important than Bernard’s role in early creation of cartarisss
Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages
Domestic arrangements “no more static” than society
- C.H. Lawrence
Frederic Austin Ogg, ed.,A Source Book of Mediaeval History
“definite, practical, common sense character” “Poverty, chastity, obedience, piety, labour” F. A. Ogg
