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Social Studies 10-1 > Historical Globilization > Flashcards

Historical Globilization Flashcards

1
Q

what happened during the Columbian exchange

A

people moved from the old world (Europe) to the new world (America) and brought all of their stuff with them, including culture, animals, ways of life and diseases

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2
Q

what was the biggest factor in Europeans dominating the new world

A

disease

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3
Q

how did technology benefit the Europeans in imperialism

A

it got them to the new world and allowed them to defend themselves in a superior manner due to the further advancement of their weapons than those within the places they were conquering

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4
Q

whats imperialism

A

one country taking over another through the use of superior technology, power and military for some sort of gain

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5
Q

who were the first imperialists

A

Spanish and Portuguese

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6
Q

what is the treaty of Tordesillas and why was it created

A
  • split the world into east and west sections so that the Spanish have one side and the Portuguese get the other
  • created by a pope because he didn’t want Christina nations to go to war against each other
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7
Q

why did European countries want to take over the whole world

A

because of trade

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8
Q

what happened in the Columbian trade

A

huge exchange of agricultural goods occurs causing people to become rich, inventing them to continue, resulting in the desire for more land

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9
Q

when did the first stage of imperialism start and what is it referred to

A

took off in the 1800s and is referred to as old imperialism

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10
Q

what is mercantilism

A

set of economic policies pursued by governments designated to increase a country’s wealth by creating a favourable balance of trade

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11
Q

what was the motivation and goal behind mercantilism

A

wealth and power with the goal to strengthen the state and build overall national wealth

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12
Q

how did mercantilism work

A

colonies become economically dominated by single companies and help countries get access to markets and raw materials required to maintain a favourable balance of trade while governments strictly controlled trade to ensure that their own market was favoured through tariffs and other policies

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13
Q

who were the most successful imperialists

A

France and Britain

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14
Q

how do mercantilism and imperialism work together

A

colonies provide raw materials to the parent country for the growth and profit of that country’s industries

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15
Q

what type of system are mercantilism and imperialism viewed as and why

A

a one-way system because colonies send resources to parent country where they turn them into products and sell them to the colonies

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16
Q

how was mercantilism used in the British empire

A

British implemented acts within America to turn it into a monopoly and keep American markets captive within their system

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17
Q

what was one of the most significant causes of the American revolution

A

dissatisfaction with the British mercantilist system and the colonial restrictions in place

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18
Q

when did the industrial revolution mainly take place

A

between the 18th and 19th centuries

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19
Q

where did the industrial revolution start and how did it spread

A

started in England and moved around Europe first before going to the Americas and throughout all of the British colonies around the world, with Africa being imperialized last

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20
Q

what are the three factors of production

A

land, labour and capital

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21
Q

what is land as a factor of production

A

all resources available including the land and everything that comes with it

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22
Q

what is labour as a factor of production

A

all human endeavours including mental and physical abilities as well as ideas

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23
Q

what is capital as a factor of production

A

all human creations that help produce wealth

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24
Q

what did Eli Whitney come up with and what did it do

A

the cotton gin which was a machine to separate seeds from cotton

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25
Q

what did James watt come up with

A

steam engine

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26
Q

what did Jethro Tull come up with and what did it do

A

seed drill that allowed people to grow a lot more food with a lot less labour

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27
Q

how did the creation of technology allow for a globalized economy

A

it improved transportation methods so that more cargo could be transported to many different places at a faster pace

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28
Q

what is urbanization, why did it occur and what problems did it cause

A

when people move to the cities to get jobs because that’s where most jobs are located, resulting in cities growing too fast which increased crime and pollution greatly

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29
Q

why was child labour used in the industrial revolution

A

there was a lot of stuff to be made so people wanted all the labour possible, putting the children’s health at risk and making it so that they could not get an education

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30
Q

what is capitalism

A

economic system based on the private ownership of the factors of production

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31
Q

what are the 3 laws of economics

A

self interest, competition, supply and demand

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32
Q

what is the law of self interest

A

people who work for their own good

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33
Q

waht is law of competiiton

A

competition forces people to make a better product

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34
Q

what is the law of supply and demand

A

goods would be produced at the lowest possible price to meet demand

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35
Q

who created capitalism

A

adam smith

36
Q

what is socialism

A

philosophy that argues that government control of the economy promotes social justice, resulting in factories being owned by the public and operated for the welfare of all

37
Q

what started African slavery

A

really big cash crops were highly labour intensive creating a shortage of labour within the new world

38
Q

what happened within the triangle trade

A

resources were brought from the new world to Europe, Europe traded goods made with these resources to Africa in exchange for people who they shipped to the new world to help harvest resources to send back to Europe

39
Q

what were the 3 main reasons Europeans enslaved Africans

A

they couldn’t blend into neighbouring nations, Africa was close to seaports, African labourers more familiar with work patterns needed to sustain crops

40
Q

who were the primary dealers of African slaves

A

Arab merchants

41
Q

what happened at Arab slave markets

A

captives were inspected and assigned a value and were then traded to Europeans to be transported across the Atlantic

42
Q

where did a large majority of Africans sold into slavery go to work and what was the difference between this and other places

A

sugar cane fields in the west indies, where the fate was significantly worse than labour on a plantation in the united states

43
Q

what occurred at slave auctions

A

a free for all where managers of plantations tugged on the people and fought over who they wanted to take back to their plant

44
Q

what is imperialism

A

European policy of conquering or ruling other lands through direct or indirect control with the intention of creating an empire

45
Q

when did old imperialism occur and what did it mainly involve

A

from Columbus to beginning of industrial revolution; new world

46
Q

when did new imperialism occur, what did it cause, and what were the motives

A

from industrial revolution to world war 1; caused massive change in who was in control of the world; heavily driven by industrial economic process

47
Q

what was the overarching driving factor for imperialism and what was it mainly about

A

capitalism as it was really about making money

48
Q

what are the 5 motives for imperialism

A

economic, political, military, religious and cultural

49
Q

what is the theory behind the economic imperialism motive

A

by creating an empire you increase your access to the 3 factors of production

50
Q

what are the 3 factors of production and how did they encourage imperialism

A

land, labour, capital; get more of those with every country you take over

51
Q

what is the theory behind the political imperialism motive and what did it eventually lead to

A

business interests, patriotism, world prestige, and competition, as nations constantly wanted to be the best and make the most money, all leading to world war 1

52
Q

what is the theory behind the military imperialism motive

A

must obtain certain parts of the world in order to facilitate your empire, and get strategic advantages in order to reach national security

53
Q

what is the theory behind the religious imperialism motive

A

church encourage imperialism so that they had the opportunity to Christianize people more easily

54
Q

what is the theory behind the cultural imperialism motive

A

social darwinism, humanitarianism and eurocentrism

55
Q

what is eurocentrism

A

Europeans view their way of life as better and saw it as right, causing them to look down on cultures dissimilar to their own

56
Q

what is the theory behind social Darwinism

A

that societies are in competition and that the strongest excel, resulting in the weak working for or being led by the ‘strongest’

57
Q

what’s humanitarianism

A

Europeans felt it was their duty to uplift and enlighten people to the ways of their culture as they thought all other people they came upon who lived in different styles were ‘uncivilized’

58
Q

whats assimilation

A

when people force other cultures to change and become like their culture as they think their culture is superior

59
Q

what are the two types of control and what are they

A

direct control which is where the mother country has soldiers there and is running the place; indirect control where they use people who are already there to help administer under the existing power structure

60
Q

whats a colony

A

civilization made up of people from the mother country

61
Q

whats a protectorate

A

country that has some connection to the mother country but the mother country doesn’t have direct control and aren’t trying to colonize

62
Q

whats paternalism

A

when you see a group of people as your responsibility but you aren’t trying to assimilate them

63
Q

what is a nation

A

group of people that have something to do with each other

64
Q

what is a nation-state

A

whole area of land

65
Q

what is a country

A

area of land that has borders and a government

66
Q

what happened during the Berlin Conference

A

powers of Europe met to divide Africa formally so that there would be no fighting over territory

67
Q

what type of control did Europe use in Asia, what did this do and why did they do it

A

were more of a protectory (indirect); restricted rights and freedoms of china; china relies really heavily on other peoples trade so the restricted to that they relied on trade from Britain and other European countries

68
Q

what are old imperialists

A

countries that aren’t as technologically advanced/industrialized to remain as powerful in the second phase of imperialism

69
Q

who were the old imperialists

A

ottoman empire, Austria-Hungary, Spain, Portugal

70
Q

why is the ottoman empire significant

A

they took over Constantinople which was the last of the roman empire

71
Q

who was the most aggressive and earliest imperialist

A

Portugal

72
Q

what are ok imperialists

A

countries that maintained empires throughout the whole area of imperialism

73
Q

who found oil

A

the Netherlands

74
Q

what was Germany originally made of

A

lots of provinces

75
Q

why did people become interested in rubber

A

when electricity was discovered and they found they could use it to insulate wires

76
Q

who was ED morel

A

young official at shipping company observed a fortune in rubber returning from the congo while only guns and manacles were being sent in returned, deducing that the resources were being extracted from the population by force

77
Q

who were new imperialists

A

countries late to the imperialist party because their nation-state wasn’t long-established

78
Q

what were big imperialists

A

most industrialized and had a system of government that allowed them to function and promote wealth which allowed them to develop their navy and army

79
Q

what was the ‘crown jewel’ of the British empire

A

India

80
Q

who was Cecil John Rhodes

A

huge political and historical figure that got into the South African government and started apartheid as well as put a vision to building a railway across Africa through British territory

81
Q

what are Zulu warriors

A

foot soldiers that had stabbing weapons and shields

82
Q

why did civilizations tend to be near bodies of water

A

provides better-growing conditions and allows you to drink, as well as draws animals to the civilization so you can hunt

83
Q

what did family allow civilizations to do

A

grow their population, settle down, accumulate wealth and do other things then look for food

84
Q

what was the first and most prominent form of globalization

A

silk road/trade

85
Q

what did the Turks do when they took over Constantinople

A

cut of direct trade for European nations which motivate them to try and sail around different parts of the world to reach Asia for direct trade

Social Studies 10-1 (3 decks)

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