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EPNATPLG > HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PLANNING IN THE PHILIPPINES > Flashcards

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PLANNING IN THE PHILIPPINES Flashcards

1
Q

What is Constantinopole?

A

An ancient city that served as the capital of Byzantine Empire for over a thousand years.

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2
Q

Where is the present-day location of Constantinopole?

A

Istanbul, Turkey

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3
Q

Who decided to shift the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium in 330 CE?

A

Roman Emperor Constantine the Great

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4
Q

Who decided to rename the city the Byzantium to Constantinopole?

A

Roman Emperor Constantine the Great

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5
Q

The Constantinopole was strategically located, connecting two different continents.

A

Europe and Asia

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6
Q

Where is the Constantinopole located?

A

Bosporus Strait

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6
Q

What is the vital center for trade and commerce during the time of “New Rome”?

A

Bosporus Strait

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7
Q

The Constantinopole is connecting two different seas.

A

Mediterranean and Black Sea

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8
Q

What is the Constantinopole known for?

A

Fortresses

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9
Q

The Constantinopole’s fortresses are known for being…

A

Super strong and non-penetrable

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10
Q

Who is the first ever Christian Roman Emperor?

A

Constantine the Great

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11
Q

Who is the Roman Emperor that used the Christians as scapegoats when Rome was burned?

A

Roman Emperor Nero

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12
Q

According to this Roman Historian, Nero targeted Christians as those responsible for the Great Fire of Rome.

A

Tacitus

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13
Q

What was the religion of the Early Romans?

A

Pagan

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14
Q

How did Emperor Nero died?

A

Suicide

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15
Q

Who was the Roman Emperor that attempted to restore the order in the Roman Empire by distributing power among four ruler tetrarchy?

A

Roman Emperor Diocletian

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16
Q

A form of government in which power is divided into four individuals.

A

Tetrarchy

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17
Q

Who is the Biographer of Constantine?

A

Eusebius

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18
Q

Who successfully penetrated the walls of the Constantinopole?

A

Ottomans

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19
Q

What is the center of the Christianity before?

A

Constantinopole

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20
Q

Who conquered the Constantinopole?

A

Ottomans

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21
Q

What is the period when many countries explore new lands through funding different voyages? Also known as the Age of Discovery.

A

Age of Exploration

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22
Q

What is the GGG during the Spanish Colonialism?

A

God, Gold, and Glory

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23
Q

What was the nationality who funded the voyages?

A

Portuguese

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24
Q

Who was the Italian explorer who proposed the idea of voyaging in Portugal but was decline by the king and was eventually funded by the Spain?

A

Christopher Colombus

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25
Q

The person who was called as the “Navigator” who funded and encourage the exploration, the study of navigation, and the development of aids in navigation.

A

Prince Henry

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26
Q

How many entourage did Prince Henry have?

A

60,000 (including 12,000 slaves and huge amount of gold)

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27
Q

Prince Henry was the model of what the Portuguese hoped to become by travelling to…

A

Africa

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28
Q

What is the view of the colonizers in terms of the loss in a country they colonized?

A

Possibility of getting rich

29
Q

The voyage arranged and headed by Magellan was a…

A

Revelation

30
Q

Who was the explorers that almost always had to enlist local people to advise them how to navigate the seas, especially in the Indian Ocean?

A

Early European explorers

31
Q

The traders that served as intermediaries for the artisans in porcelain, cotton, and other crafted products.

A

Local, Non-European traders

32
Q

What is the agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing the rights to colonize all lands outside of Europe?

A

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

33
Q

What country/archipelago remained as the only major sector of Southeast Asia without an indigenous urban tradition?

A

Philippines

34
Q

What two characteristic types of cities were found by European adventurers which had existed in a certain lowland and littoral locations for more than a millennium?

A

Coastal city-state and Indigenous sacred city

35
Q

When is the formal practice of planning in the Philippines?

A

Spanish colonial period from 1565 (after the 1521 first contract)

36
Q

What was introduced during the early urban planning practice in Spanish Colonial Era in the Philippines?

A

Tightly packed nuclear settlements (consisting of military outpost or fortress), municipal hall, and a church

37
Q

Aside from Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, what is the other island/country that was quickly colonized by the Spain?

A

Formosa (later, Taiwan) 1626-1642

38
Q

When were the royal ordinances for laying out new towns issued by King Philip II?

A

1573

39
Q

What is the comprehensive codification of all colonial laws assembled in 1681 known as?

A

Laws of the Indies

40
Q

What did the Laws of the Indies specifically apply to?

A

Civil settlements (pueblos)

41
Q

Besides civil settlements, what were the two other types of establishments with distinct regulations?

A

Military presidios and religious misiones

42
Q

Name the ruler who issued the royal ordinances in 1573.

A

King Philip II

43
Q

What term is used for the civil settlements governed by the Laws of the Indies?

A

Pueblos

44
Q

What was the initial expectation regarding the lands originally occupied by the natives in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period?

A

In theory, it was expected that all lands originally occupied by the natives should have remained with them.

45
Q

How did friar orders acquire land in the Philippines over time?

A

Friar orders acquired land through various means, including donation, payment of debt, punishment, and outright land-grabbing.

46
Q

According to O.D. Corpuz, what was the status of lands outside of the pueblo limits in the Philippines?

A

Lands outside of the pueblo limits were technically part of the realengo, or royal lands owned directly by the King, according to the regalian doctrine.

47
Q

Who had the opportunity to apply for or be awarded lands outside the pueblo limits?

A

Entrepreneurs, initially Spaniards but later the emerging mestizo class, had the opportunity to apply for or be awarded lands outside the pueblo limits owned by the King.

48
Q

Why did indigenous Filipinos typically refrain from participating in the acquisition of lands outside the pueblo limits?

A

Indigenous Filipinos did not actively participate, either due to a lack of means or because they believed that such lands were rightfully theirs from the beginning.

49
Q

What were some key aspects of urban development during the American Colonial period in the Philippines?

A

The American Colonial period in the Philippines was known for reforms and rational urban development, with notable contributions from architect and urban planner Daniel Burnham, commissioned by Secretary of War William H. Taft, to design cities like Manila and Baguio.

50
Q

Who were the key figures involved in the urban planning of Manila and Baguio during the American Colonial period?

A

Daniel Burnham, an architect and urban planner, was commissioned by Secretary of War William H. Taft and guided by later Governor-General W. Cameron Forbes.

51
Q

What were some notable contributions of the American Colonial period to Manila’s development?

A

Notable contributions included the expansion and development of Manila, establishment of military bases (e.g., Fort Stotsenberg, Camp John Hay, Subic Bay, Fort McKinley), and the construction of Public Schools.

52
Q

How did Dr. Horace Silliman contribute to the development of Dumaguete during the American Colonial period?

A

Dr. Horace Silliman’s investment in Dumaguete exemplified American philanthropy, as his school eventually evolved into a respected university, influencing the city’s development.

53
Q

Who commissioned the architectural and urban planning work in the Philippines during the American Colonial period?

A

Secretary of War William H. Taft commissioned the work of architect and urban planner Daniel Burnham for the development of cities like Manila and Baguio.

54
Q

What was the purpose of Act No. 1801, widely known as the Gabaldon Act, passed after the formation of the Philippine Assembly in 1907?

A

The Gabaldon Act appropriated Php 1 Million between 1907 to 1915 for the construction of schoolhouses in barrios with guaranteed daily attendance of not less than sixty pupils.

55
Q

How many Gabaldon buildings were constructed from 1911 onwards, and what is their significance in terms of urban development?

A

About 506 Gabaldon buildings were constructed, and they remain an enduring icon of urban development, especially in provincial towns.

56
Q

What notable infrastructure project in Baguio was a significant engineering feat, and who completed it?

A

Kennon Road to Baguio was a significant engineering feat, completed by Major Lyman W. Kennon, although several army engineers were involved in its construction.

57
Q

What government function did Executive Order 98 of 1946 recognize, and who was responsible for its implementation at that time?

A

Executive Order 98 of 1946 recognized planning as a government function, implemented by the National Urban Planning Commission, which was later replaced by the National Planning Commission.

58
Q

In the 1960s, what influenced the Marcos regime to plan for regions in the Philippines, and what was the result of this planning effort?

A

International donors influenced the Marcos regime to plan for regions, leading to the Integrated Regional Plan (IRP), which became the precursor of present regional plans. These plans focused on regions with certain homogenous characteristics and emphasized cross-LGU cooperation.

59
Q

What planning development took place in 1975, integrating Metro Manila and placing it under the governance of Imelda Marcos and Ismael Mathay?

A

The Metro Manila Commission was created in 1975, integrating Metro Manila and placing it under Imelda Marcos as Governor and Ismael Mathay as Vice Governor.

60
Q

What replaced the Metro Manila Commission in 1990, and who was its first Chairman?

A

Aquino’s Metropolitan Manila Authority replaced the Metro Manila Commission in 1990, with Jejomar Binay as its first Chairman.

61
Q

What government body, created in 1995, took over responsibilities for planning, traffic management, solid waste, urban renewal, and public safety in Metropolitan Manila?

A

The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority, created by R.A. 7924 in 1995, took over responsibilities for planning, traffic management, solid waste, urban renewal, and public safety.

62
Q

At the national level, which government organization is responsible for planning and evolved from the earlier National Planning Commission?

A

The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) is responsible for planning at the national level, evolving from the earlier National Planning Commission.

63
Q

What law, promulgated on March 2, 1978, regulated the environmental planning profession in the Philippines, and what services did it outline for planners?

A

P.D. 1308, or the Law Regulating the Environmental Planning Profession, was promulgated on March 2, 1978. It outlined services for planners, including the development of community, town/city, or regional plans, land use and zoning plans, and pre-investment and feasibility studies.

64
Q

What enhancements were introduced by R.A. 10587, promulgated on May 27, 2013, regarding the practice of environmental planning in the Philippines?

A

R.A. 10587 enhanced the previous law, requiring continuous professional education (CPD Points) for license retention. It expanded professional services to include feasibility studies, development of special economic zones, and institutional systems.

65
Q

When was the Institute of Planning established, and what legislation governed its creation?

A

The Institute of Planning was established on October 22, 1965, and its establishment was governed by R.A. 4341 of 1965.

66
Q

Unlike in many other countries, what was the precursor to planning as a field of study in the Philippines, and who were the early deans of the Institute of Planning educated as?

A

Planning in the Philippines grew out of public administration. The early deans of the Institute of Planning were educated as Doctors of Public Administration and/or Law.

67
Q

What was the focus of the early development and practice of planning in the Philippines, and at what level did the planning tradition begin?

A

The early development and practice of planning were closely concerned with national development and governance. The planning tradition began at the national level.

68
Q

How did the City Beautiful Movement influence the civic design of Manila, and what was the American emphasis that contributed to this?

A

The City Beautiful Movement influenced the grand civic design of Manila. The American emphasis on secular government played a role in shaping Manila’s urban landscape.

69
Q

Provide an example of a city in the Philippines that reflects the work of the City Beautiful Movement, as well as the influence of Daniel Burnham, combining Garden City elements.

A

Baguio City is an example that reflects the work of the City Beautiful Movement and the influence of Daniel Burnham, combining Garden City elements.

70
Q

Describe the planning of Quezon City, including its layout and purpose.

A

Quezon City was a relatively well-planned capital with a radial pattern of streets, surrounded by government offices.

EPNATPLG (3 decks)

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