Historical Context

Question 1

Augustan peace

Answer 1

Pax Romana lasted for more than 200 years. The gates to the Temple of Janus were closed in 29 BC for the first time in 200 years

Question 2

Augustus 2 significant titles

Answer 2

Pontifex Maximus- head of the priesthoods and the state religion. Pater Patriae- ‘Father of the Country’

Question 3

Virtues

Answer 3

Clipeus virtietis: clemetia, virtus (bravery), iustitia (justice) and pietas (duty). Set out in the Res Gesta

Question 4

Augustus religious policy example

Answer 4

Built new temples and restored 82

Question 5

Meaning of virtus

Answer 5

valor on the battlefield and pietas

Question 6

Meaning of iustitia

Answer 6

‘Just’ war theory

Question 7

Virgil’s relationship with Augustus

Answer 7

Virgil under Maecenas’ patronage

Question 8

Augustus’ divine heritage

Answer 8

Adopted into the Julian family that claimed ancestry through Romulus, who was descended from Aeneas who was descended from Venus.

Question 9

Structure of the Aeneid

Answer 9

dactylic hexameter

Question 10

Literary influence on Virgil

Answer 10

Catullus

Question 11

Battle of Actuim

Answer 11

31 BC

Question 12

Punic wars, who with?

Answer 12

3rd century BC, Carthage

Question 13

Other works by Virgil

Answer 13

Eclogues, Georgics

Question 14

Contemporary link to death of youths

Answer 14

Death of Marcellus, adopted son of Augustus. Augustus had no male heirs, one daughter. Death of 2 of his daughter’s husbands and all of her sons with Agrippa. Shows Augustus’ lack of secure succession

Question 15

Augustus’ way of life

Answer 15

built himself a simple house on the Palantine and encouraged simple living

Question 16

Example of a political event Virgil witnessed

Answer 16

Caesar’s crossing the Rubicon and the beginning of the civil wars in 49 BC against Pompey the Great