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ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY > HISTORICAL CONCEPTIONS OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY > Flashcards

HISTORICAL CONCEPTIONS OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

Great Persian Empire (900 to 600 BC), all physical & mental disorders were considered work of the devil.

A

THE SUPERNATURAL TRADITION

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2
Q

THE SUPERNATURAL TRADITION

a. Magic
b. Sorcery
TREATMENT: Exorcism

A

Demons & Witches

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3
Q

THE SUPERNATURAL TRADITION

-insanity was a natural phenomenon
-Mental depression and anxiety were recognized as illnesses
-DESPAIR & LETHARGY = often identified by the church with the sin of ACEDIA—Latin term of sloth or SLOTH (lack of care) (reluctance to work) (laziness).

TREATMENT: Rest, sleep, healthy & a happy environment
Baths, ointments, various potions

A

Stress & Melancholy

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4
Q

This King was under a great deal of stress, partly because of the division of the Catholic Church. Was labeled as the “Mad King”

A

Read Charles VI

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4
Q

(a bishop and philosopher) disease of melancholy (depression) was the source of some bizarre behavior, rather than demons.

A

NICHOLAS ORESME

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4
Q

The followings are ______

-If exorcism failed—confinement, beatings and other forms of torture

-hanging people over a pit full of poisonous snakes (to scare the evil spirits)

A

TREATMENTS FOR POSSESSION

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4
Q

THE SUPERNATURAL TRADITION

-run out in the streets, dance, shout, rave & jump around in patterns (called rave at present—with music)—DANCE & TARANTISM.

A

MASS HYSTERIA

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5
Q

THE SUPERNATURAL TRADITION

a phenomenon of emotion contagion in which the experience of an
emotion seems to spread to those around us.

-people are suggestible when in the state of high emotion.
-this SHARED RESPONSE-is sometimes referred to as MOB PSYCHOLOGY.

A

MASS HYSTERIA

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6
Q

THE SUPERNATURAL TRADITION

-the movements of the moon and stars had
profound effects on people’s psychological functioning. (LUNATIC – from Latin word Luna— meaning moon).

A

The Moon and the Stars

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7
Q

stages of the moon or the positions of the stars.

A

Astrology

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7
Q

A Swiss Physician) who rejected notion of possession of devil

A

PARACELSUS

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8
Q

THE BIOLOGICAL TRADITION

the father of modern Western Medicine (Hippocratic Corpus— he and his associates left a body of work).

-they believed that psychological disorders might also be caused by BRAIN PATHOLOGY, or head trauma & could be influenced by hereditary (genetics).

-he considered BRAIN – seat of wisdom, consciousness, intelligence & emotion.

-recognize the importance of psychological & interpersonal contributions to psychopathology (such as effects of family stress)

A

HIPPOCRATES

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8
Q

THE BIOLOGICAL TRADITION

A Roman Physician who adopted the idea of Hippocrates.

Hippocratic-Galenic approach is the humoral theory of disorders.

-It assumed that the normal brain functioning was related to 4 bodily fluids or humors: blood–heart, black bile—spleen, yellow bile—liver and phlegm—brain.

__________ – causes melancholia (depression)

A

GALEN
Black bile

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9
Q

_________ - ruddy in complexion, cheerful, optimistic, insomnia & delirium

_________ - depressive

_________ - indicates apathy & sluggishness, calm under stress

_________ - hot-tempered

A

SANGUINE
MELANCHOLIC
PHLEGMATIC
CHOLERIC

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10
Q

(intended to restore the balance of humors in the body)
amount of blood removed from the body, often with leeches.

A

Bleeding or Bloodletting

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10
Q

This country believed about the movement of air or “wind” in the body (dark wind – yin/ warm, life-sustaining wind –
yang).

A

China

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10
Q

eating tobacco & a half-boiled cabbage.

A

Induce vomiting

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11
Q

restoring proper flow of wind through various methods such as ACUPUNCTURE.

A

Ancient China’s way of Treatment

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12
Q

sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial microorganism entering the brain.

A

SYPHILIS

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13
Q
  • His position was that the causes of insanity were always physical.
  • His Emphasis was again on rest, diet and proper room temperature and ventilation.
A

JOHN P. GREY

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13
Q

This date started the use of electric shock and brain surgery
-insulin (occasionally) given to stimulate appetite in psychotic patients, as well as to calm
them down.

A

1930’s

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13
Q

(Viennese Physician) – began using increasingly higher dosages
(patients convulsed and became temporarily comatose).

A

MANFRED SAKEL

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13
Q

some uses this theraphy and recovered their mental health, which attributed to the convulsions.

A

INSULIN SHOCK THERAPY

14
Q

The mild and modest electric shock to the head produced a brief convulsion and memory loss (amnesia). His friend tried this, he discovered the shock made him
“strangely elated.”

A

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

15
Q

(Hungarian Psychiatrist)
-observed that schizophrenia was rarely found in individuals with epilepsy
(which later on was not proven true).
-some of his followers concluded that induced brain seizures might cure
schizophrenia then suggested the use of electric shock—

A

JOSEPH VON MEDUNA

16
Q

(Italian Physicians).
*A surgeon from London treated a depressed patient by sending 6 small shocks directly through
his brain.

A

UGO CERLETTI AND LUCIO BINI

17
Q

-one of the founding fathers of modern psychiatry.
-influential in advocating major ideas of the biological tradition.
-he was one of the first to distinguish various psychological disorders
-his descriptions of schizophrenic disorders are still useful today.

A

EMIL KRAEPELINE

18
Q

PSYCHOLOGICAL TRADITION

He proposes the 2 causes of maladaptive behavior—1) social and 2) cultural influences.

-if something was wrong in the environment (such as abusive parents), one’s
impulses and emotions would overcome reason.

TREATMENT: reeducate the individual through rational discussion (the power of
reason would predominate).

A

PLATO

19
Q

PSYCHOLOGICAL TRADITION

He emphasized the influence of social environment and early learning on
psychopathology.

A

ARISTOTLE

20
Q

the term moral referred more to emotional or psychological factors rather than to a
code of conduct.
-treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible, which encouraged and
reinforced normal social interaction. Relationships were carefully nurtured.

-well-cared for, massaged, and provided with soothing music.

A

MORAL THERAPY

21
Q

it originated with French psychiatrist Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) & close
associate Jean-Baptiste Pussin (1746-1811). Pussin instituted remarkable reforms by
removing chains—used to restrain patients, instituting humane and positive
psychological interventions.

A

MORAL THERAPY

22
Q

(16th century) they were more like prisons than hospitals.

A

ASYLUMS

23
Q

The period where humane treatment declined.

A

Mid 19th Century

24
Q

The period where mental illness was believed to be caused by brain pathology and therefore
considered incurable.

A

19th century

25
Q

DIFFERENT SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT

1) _________ – Sigmund Freud
2) _________ – John B. Watson
- Ivan Pavlov
- B.F. Skinner

A

Psychoanalytic Theory
Behaviorism

26
Q

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

(1734-1815) – he suggested that his patients’ problem was
caused by an undetectable fluid found in all living organisms called “animal magnetism.”
-father of hypnosis.

A

FRANZ ANTON MESMER

27
Q

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

(1825-1893) – neurologist
-demonstrated that some techniques of
mesmerism were effective with a number of psychological disorders.

A

JEAN-MARTIN CHARCOT

28
Q
  • from Vienna, he studied with Charcot.
    -teamed up with Josef Breuer (1842-1925)—experimented a different
    hypnotic procedure. He asked the patients to describe their problems, conflict, and fears in a
    much detailed manner.
A

SIGMUND FREUD

29
Q

Breuer and Freud discovered the ___________.

A

unconscious mind

30
Q

recall & relive emotional trauma that has been made unconscious and to
release the tension—these release of emotional material is known as ______

A

catharsis

31
Q

FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTIC MODEL

the structure of the mind

A

Id, ego, superego

32
Q

Structure of the mind

= source of strong sexual and aggressive feelings or
energies.
= the energy is the libido
= operates on the pleasure-principle

A

ID

33
Q

Structure of the mind

= part of our mind that ensures we act realistically
= reality principle
= mediate conflict between ID & superego
= executive or manager of our minds

A

EGO

34
Q

Structure of the mind

= call conscience
= represents the moral principles (instilled by
parents & culture)
= the voice within us (nags at us)

A

SUPEREGO

35
Q

Structure of the mind

if Id or Superego becomes too -strong, conflict overtake us and
psychological disorders will develop. These conflicts are all within the mind.

A

INTRAPSYCHIC CONFLICTS

36
Q

FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTIC MODEL

  • the conflict of Id and superego produce anxiety that threatens
    to overwhelm the ego.

-unconscious protective processes that keep primitive emotions associated with conflicts in check so that the ego can continue its coordinating function. (anna
Freud—developed this idea more fully).

A

Defense Mechanism

37
Q

Psychosexual stages of development

A

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital

38
Q

Psychosexual stages of development

birth to 2 years. Need for food (Fixation – if we did not receive
appropriate gratification during a specific stage).

A

Oral

39
Q

Psychosexual stages of development

1 to 3 years. Toilet train. (fixation = too rigid or too disordered)

A

ANAL

40
Q

Psychosexual stages of development

3 to 5 or 6. Early genital self-stimulation.

A

Phallic

41
Q

(Oedipus Rex=Oedipus is fated to kiss his father, unknowingly to marry his mother). Strong feelings of envy and anger towards the father.

A

Oedipus Complex

42
Q

The attachment of the child to the parent of the opposite sex, accompanied by envious and aggressive feelings toward the parent of the same sex.

A

Oedipus complex

43
Q

Strong fears (son) towards the father who may remove his penis

A

CASTRATION ANXIETY

44
Q

girl’s psychosexual competition with her mother for possession of her father

A

Electra Complex

45
Q

Psychosexual stages of development

7 to adolescence = problem with adjusting to belong to a
group

A

Latency

46
Q

Psychosexual stages of development

onset of puberty. Seeks ways to satisfying sexual impulses—
dyadic relationships, aggressive impulses—competition, physically demanding activities.

A

Genital

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY (3 decks)

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