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MT6320 > historical background and taxonomy > Flashcards

historical background and taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

It is the systemic study of organisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

He suggested that disease is caused by “invisible living creatures”

A

Girolamo Fracastoro

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3
Q

He is the first person to observe and describe microorganisms; the first true microbiologist

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek call the first microorganisms he observed

A

Animalcules / Wee Beasties

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5
Q

He is the father of Modern Microbiology

A

Louis Pasteur

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6
Q

Type of disinfection that destroys microorganism-causing spoilage

A

Pasteurization

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7
Q

He disproved Spontaneous Generation and is the proponent for Biogenesis

A

Louis Pasteur

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8
Q

He created attenuated (weakened) vaccines

A

Louis Pasteur

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9
Q

He created attenuated (weakened) vaccines

A

Louis Pasteur

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10
Q

He developed the antiseptic system of surgery

A

Joseph Lister

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11
Q

He discovered Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Robert Koch

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12
Q

She is the Mother of Microbiology

A

Fanny Hesse

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13
Q

Developed the Agar

A

Fanny Hesse

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14
Q

Developed the Petri Dish

A

Julius Richard Petri

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15
Q

He developed the first vaccination from a cow pox lesion to prevent small pox

A

Edward Jenner

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16
Q

4 postulates by Koch

A
  1. Microorganism must be observed in every case of the disease.
  2. It must be isolated and grown in pure culture.
  3. The pure culture, when inoculated in animals, must reproduce the disease.
  4. Microorganism must be recovered from the diseased animal.
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17
Q

He discovered salvarsan to treat syphillis

A

Paul Ehrlich

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18
Q

It is the first targeted treatment developed

A

Salvarsan

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19
Q

He discovered penicillin

A

Alexander Fleming

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20
Q

He is the father of hand hygiene / handwashing

A

Ignaz Semmelweiss

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21
Q

Most effective way to break the chain of infection

A

Handwashing

22
Q

Organism asymptomatically carried by Mary Mallon (Typhoid Mary)

A

Salmonella typhi

23
Q

An area of science that deals with the study of 3 distinct but interrelated disciplines

A

Taxonomy

24
Q

What is Polyphasic Taxonomy based on

A

Genotypic characteristics
Phenotypic characteristics
Phylogenetic characteristics

25
Q

He is the father of taxonomy

A

Carolus Linnaeus

26
Q

Binomial nomenclature is limited to what taxa

A

Genus and Species

27
Q

He developed the 5 Kingdom System

A

Robert Whittaker

28
Q

What are the 5 Kingdoms as described by Whittaker

A
  1. Monera/Prokaryotae
  2. Fungi
  3. Protistae
  4. Animalia
  5. Plantae
29
Q

He created the Domain System

A

Carl Woese

30
Q

What are the 3 Domain Systems as described by Woese

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Eukaria / Eukaryota
  3. Archaea
31
Q

Hierarchical Classification (in order)

A

Dear King Philip Came Over For The Good Spaghetti Sauce

  1. Domain
  2. Kingdom
  3. Phylum
  4. Class
  5. Order
  6. Family
  7. Tribe
  8. Genus
  9. Species
  10. Subspecies
32
Q

The most basic taxonomic group

A

Species / Epithet

33
Q

Hierarchical classification composed of similar divisions

A

Kingdom

34
Q

Hierarchical classification having a common attribute

A

Family

35
Q

Hierarchical classification containing different species

A

Genus

36
Q

Organism population that is differentiated from populations within species

A

Strains

37
Q

Variant prokaryotic strains characterized by biochemical or physiological differences

A

Biovars

38
Q

Variation in serological reactions; Strains with distinctive antigenic properties

A

Serovars

39
Q

What name is capitalized and ends in -aceae

A

Family

40
Q

What name ends in -ales

A

Order

41
Q

What name ends in -eae

A

Tribe

42
Q

Identify the name: Streptococcaceae

A

Family

43
Q

Identify the name: Enterobacterales

A

Order

44
Q

Identify the name: Pseudomonadeae

A

Tribe

45
Q

T/F: In transferring a species from one genus to another, the species should be changed.

A

False. Species is retained.

46
Q

T/F: Species is writtenin lowercase.

A

True

47
Q

Who pioneered the use of oil in miscroscopy

A

Robert Koch

48
Q

What is the main component of antiseptics

A

Phenol / Carbolic Acid

49
Q

Any substance that would allow the growth of an organism

A

Media

50
Q

Normal flora that can cause diseases

A

Opportunistic bacteria

MT6320 (2 decks)

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