historical background and taxonomy Flashcards
It is the systemic study of organisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye
Microbiology
He suggested that disease is caused by “invisible living creatures”
Girolamo Fracastoro
He is the first person to observe and describe microorganisms; the first true microbiologist
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek call the first microorganisms he observed
Animalcules / Wee Beasties
He is the father of Modern Microbiology
Louis Pasteur
Type of disinfection that destroys microorganism-causing spoilage
Pasteurization
He disproved Spontaneous Generation and is the proponent for Biogenesis
Louis Pasteur
He created attenuated (weakened) vaccines
Louis Pasteur
He created attenuated (weakened) vaccines
Louis Pasteur
He developed the antiseptic system of surgery
Joseph Lister
He discovered Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Robert Koch
She is the Mother of Microbiology
Fanny Hesse
Developed the Agar
Fanny Hesse
Developed the Petri Dish
Julius Richard Petri
He developed the first vaccination from a cow pox lesion to prevent small pox
Edward Jenner
4 postulates by Koch
- Microorganism must be observed in every case of the disease.
- It must be isolated and grown in pure culture.
- The pure culture, when inoculated in animals, must reproduce the disease.
- Microorganism must be recovered from the diseased animal.
He discovered salvarsan to treat syphillis
Paul Ehrlich
It is the first targeted treatment developed
Salvarsan
He discovered penicillin
Alexander Fleming
He is the father of hand hygiene / handwashing
Ignaz Semmelweiss
Most effective way to break the chain of infection
Handwashing
Organism asymptomatically carried by Mary Mallon (Typhoid Mary)
Salmonella typhi
An area of science that deals with the study of 3 distinct but interrelated disciplines
Taxonomy
What is Polyphasic Taxonomy based on
Genotypic characteristics
Phenotypic characteristics
Phylogenetic characteristics
He is the father of taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus
Binomial nomenclature is limited to what taxa
Genus and Species
He developed the 5 Kingdom System
Robert Whittaker
What are the 5 Kingdoms as described by Whittaker
- Monera/Prokaryotae
- Fungi
- Protistae
- Animalia
- Plantae
He created the Domain System
Carl Woese
What are the 3 Domain Systems as described by Woese
- Bacteria
- Eukaria / Eukaryota
- Archaea
Hierarchical Classification (in order)
Dear King Philip Came Over For The Good Spaghetti Sauce
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Tribe
- Genus
- Species
- Subspecies
The most basic taxonomic group
Species / Epithet
Hierarchical classification composed of similar divisions
Kingdom
Hierarchical classification having a common attribute
Family
Hierarchical classification containing different species
Genus
Organism population that is differentiated from populations within species
Strains
Variant prokaryotic strains characterized by biochemical or physiological differences
Biovars
Variation in serological reactions; Strains with distinctive antigenic properties
Serovars
What name is capitalized and ends in -aceae
Family
What name ends in -ales
Order
What name ends in -eae
Tribe
Identify the name: Streptococcaceae
Family
Identify the name: Enterobacterales
Order
Identify the name: Pseudomonadeae
Tribe
T/F: In transferring a species from one genus to another, the species should be changed.
False. Species is retained.
T/F: Species is writtenin lowercase.
True
Who pioneered the use of oil in miscroscopy
Robert Koch
What is the main component of antiseptics
Phenol / Carbolic Acid
Any substance that would allow the growth of an organism
Media
Normal flora that can cause diseases
Opportunistic bacteria
