cell struc Flashcards
Contains a true nucleus
Eukaryotic cell
Sterol present in the cytoplasmic membrane of fungal cells
Ergosterol
Sterol present in the cytoplasmic membrane of animal cells
Cholesterol
No true nucleus
Prokaryotes
T/F: Nucleoid has no membrane covering
True
Folded area of the membrane that contains the DNA
Mesosome
“Jumping Genes”
Transposons
Extra chromosomal DNA that can self-replicate
Plasmids
Cell-wall deficient bacteria
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
Variations in shape of bacteria
Pleomorphism
T/F: Cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes contain no sterols.
True
A component important in the stabilizaton of the membrane
Cholesterol
What type of DNA do bacteria have? Where is it located?
Circular, in the nucleoid, mesosome
Prokaryote ploidy
Haploid
T/F: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma have cell walls.
False. They are the only bacteria who have no cell wall.
Site of energy production for prokaryotes
Cytoplasmic membrane
Ribosomal size of prokaryotes
70S
Motility of prokaryotes
Flagella
T/F: Prokaryotes have attached ribosomes.
False. They have free ribosomes.
Contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan
Gram-positive
Contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan
Gram-negative
Waxy component contained by acid fast bacteria
Mycolic acid
Contains enzymes for metabolism and gel-like substances that capture nutrients
Periplasm
Deepest layer of the cell
Cell membrane
What purpose does the folded regions of the mesosome serve?
Increased surface area = Increased enzymatic activity
Point of attachment of the nucleoid
Mesosomes
Gives shape to the bacteria cell
Cell wall
Shapes of bacteria (4)
Cocci
Bacilli (includes coccobacilli)
Spiral
Vibrio
Comma shaped bacteria
Vibrio
Elongated bacteria
Bacilli
Rounded bacteria
Cocci
Main constituent of cell walls
Peptidoglycan or Murein Sacculus
Disaccharides consisting peptidoglycan
NAG & NAM
What is the peptide bridge linkage
NAM-NAM; B-1,4 Linkage
Antigenic substance in Streptococcus pyogenes that prevents phagocytosis
M protein
Antigenic substance found in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycolic acid
Cord Factor
6,6 trehalose dimycolate
Antiphagocytic substance found in Staphylococcus aureus
Protein A
Antigenic substance that is found only in Gram (-) bacteria
O-Antigen
T/F: Somatic antigen is heat labile.
False. Heat stable.
T/F: Gram (-) is more susceptible to penicillin.
False. Gram (+) is easier to access, thus more susceptible.
The ribitol teichoic acid is anchored to what structure
Cell wall
The glycerol teichoic acid is anchored to what structure
Cell membrane
Can only be found in Gram (+); is both an antigenic and immunogenic
Teichoic acid
Protection against bacteriophage
S-Layer
T/F: Lysozyme secretions are more effective against Gram (+).
True
Viruses that target bacteria
Bacteriophage
The peptidoglycan is found underneath what structure
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
LPS composition
O-Antigen
Core polysaccharide
Lipid-A/Endotoxin
When are endotoxins released
When bacteria dies
Cell wall alternating disaccharides
N-acetyl glucosamine
N-acetyl muramic acid
Gram (-) organisms that have LOS instead of LPS
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Bordetella pertussis
Major outer membrane proteins of gram (-) cell walls
Porin proteins
Transmembrane Proteins
Peripheral proteins
T/F: All G(+) are AFB but not all AFB are G(+).
False. All AFB are G(+) but not all G(+) are AFB.
Bacteria with mycolic acid
Mycobacterium
Nocardia
Legionella micdadei
Other protozoans (Cryptosporidium, Isospora, Cyclospora)
Components of cell membrane unique to acid fast organisms
Phosphatidylmannosides
Lipoarabinomannan
