Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology Flashcards
1
Q
Science
➢ Derived from the Latin word:
o Scientia -
means
A
Knowledge
2
Q
It is described as “A discovery of regularity in
nature (principles and law of natural
phenomena)” – J. Heilbron (2003)
→ This pertains to the explanation or the
study about our physical world.
A
Science
3
Q
It is defined as a systematized body of
knowledge based on facts, observation, and
experimentation.
→ There should be a system of acquiring
knowledge by following the scientific method.
A
SCience
4
Q
Technology
➢ Derived from the Greek word:
o Techne or techno –
means
A
Art or skil
5
Q
It is the application of scientific knowledge.
A
Technology
6
Q
it indeed play a major role in
everyday life.
A
Science & Technology
7
Q
most significant development in science and
technology.
o It is the most significant since people
need to go from one place to another
(e.g., trading of goods in the ancient
times)
A
Transportation
8
Q
to go places and discover new horizons.
➢ for food and to find better locations to
settle.
➢ to trade their surplus goods in exchange
for the things they lacked.
A
Transportation
9
Q
assisted them in their journeys.
o Example: the discovery of the
development of maps, compass,
GPS, and satellites to monitor the
places na pupuntahan natin.
A
- Navigation
10
Q
to facilitate trade and prevent possible conflicts.
o It is important na nagkakaintindihan
sila so starting from their own
development of their own language
until they learn the language of
others.
A
Communication
11
Q
to remember the places they had been to.
➢ to document the trades they made.
➢ so they could establish their identities as they
tried torelate with other culturesand civilizations.
o Another important part in our history
is record keeping so that the different
technologies they used, learnings,
knowledge, and discoveries will be
recorded
A
Record Keeping
12
Q
number of nations = demand for food and
necessities
➢ people need to produce their needs using limited
resources.
A
- Mass Production
13
Q
➢ use of weapons and armors (development of
these are considered as their major
achievements).
➢ to prevent common conflicts especially in
different groups or cultures.
A
- Security and Protection
14
Q
“conservation of life” (pertaining to health and
medicine)
A
Health
15
Q
given this predicament, science and technology
played a major role in discovery of cures and
prevention of illnesses.
A
Health
16
Q
➢ focuses on the construction (transportation,
establishments for protection, different
infrastructures).
➢ addresses their specific needs and wants.
A
- Engineering
17
Q
by combining soot from wood smoke and
animal fat, thickened with gelatin from skins or different
chemicals to produce inks of different colors. It must withstand
the elements of nature and tamper proof.
A
Ink
18
Q
The study and practice of making maps.
A
Cartography
19
Q
Anaximander was the first of the ancient Greeks to draw a map
of the known world and as such he is considered to be one of
the first cartographers.
A
Cartography
20
Q
Inventor/s: Ancient Egyptians
For writing purposes: Important because it was use for record
keeping (most common)
A
Papyrus
21
Q
Functions:
- Metal shaping
- Agriculture
- Milling = to grind grain
A
Water/Wind Mill
22
Q
Function: indicates the time of the day and for the sake of hemicycle, it specifies seasons as well as the time of day.
A
Sundial
23
Q
2000 years old Earthquake Detector: Invented by Chinese
astronomer Zhang Heng in 132 AD.
A
Doomwatch dragons
24
Q
-used to protect the skin from the sun (kohl was believed
to
repel flies and ward off infections, among other things)
-offer protection against evil (eyes without makeup
were thought to be vulnerable to the evil Eye)
A
Egyptian Eye
Makeup/KOHL
25
Inventor: Johannes Gutenberg
Function or Purpose:
● To address the need for publishing books that would spread
information to many people at a faster rate
● Also made works accessible to individuals who could not even
write
Printing Press
26
inventor: Ancient Chinese Alchemist
Around 850 AD, ancient Chinese alchemist were
experimenting with potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur, as
they were trying to find
a potion for immortality but ended up creating an explosion. It
was initially used for
fireworks before used in warfare.
Gunpowder
27
Inventor: Alessandro Della Spina
Function or Purpose:
● The ground quartz magnifying lenses could help people with ong and
short sight
* Used for the treatment of Myopia in the Middle Age
Eyeglasses
28
Inventor: Zacharia Janssen
Function or purpose: Humans can see smallest things as wide as
a hair, suddenly we
saw a new world of living things in our water in our food and etc
Microscope
29
Paper bills were first used by the Chinese, who started carrying
folding money during the Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618-907) — mostly
in the form of privately issued bills of credit or exchange notes.
They made paper money because their devalued coins were
becoming too heavy to carry.
Paper Money
30
Inventor: Liutprand (French Monk - 8th Century AD)
Function or Purpose:
● Used to measure the passage of time
● It was ideal for ocean travel because the bobbing
waves didn’t affect its accuracy
Hourglass
31
Inventor: Shu Han, Zhuge Liang
Function or purpose: Wheelbarrow is designed to be pushed and
guided by a single
person using two handles to the rear or a sail may be used to
guide the ancient
wheelbarrow by wind. The modern user of the wheelbarrow lifts
up the handles and
pushes the device forward, using the wheel to lighten the load.
Wheelbarrows may be
used to transport garden soil.
Wheelbarrow
32
Inventor: James Hargreaves
Function or purpose:
Early machine for turning fibre into thread or yarn which also
symbolizes freedom for the Indian people.
Spinning wheel
33
Invention: Light-emitting Diode
Inventor: Nick Holonyak invented the first visible LED light (color
red) in 1962
Function / Purpose: It is a semiconductor device made up of
gallium arsenide phosphide that emits visible light when an
electric current passes through it. The output can range from
red to blue-violet according to its wavelength.
LED Light
34
Inventor: Raymond Vahan Damadian
Function or Purpose: Radiologic way of forming images of the
anatomy and physiological processes of the human body in both
health and disease.
Magnetic Resonance
Imaging Scanner
35
Inventor: Alexander Graham Bell
Function or purpose: Device that converts sound and electrical
waves into audible relays and is used for communication.
Telephone
36
The idea of the credit card came to Frank McNamara in 1949
while he was having dinner at a restaurant in New York City.
When it was time to pay the bill, McNamara realized he had
forgotten his wallet. McNamara negotiated his way out of
washing dishes to pay for his dinner by signing for it instead and
promising to pay the restaurant back.
Credit Card
37
Inventor: David Gow (1993)
Function or Purpose:
To give a replacement arm to those who lost their arm from an
accident, disease or war.
Bionic Arm
(Bioprosthetics)
38
Inventor: Charles W. Hull (1984)
Function or Purpose:
> turn digital files containing three-dimensional data—whether
created on a CAD or CAM program, or from a 3D scanner—into
physical objects.
3D Printing
39
Inventor:Tim Berners Lee Function or Purpose: It is an
information space where documents and other web resources
are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked
by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.
World Wide Web/
Internet
40
Inventor: John O’ Sullivan, Terrence Percival, Diethelm Ostry,
John Deane, Graham Daniels
Function: WiFi is a technology that uses radio waves to provide
network connectivity
WI-FI
41
was derived from the Italian words quaranta giorni
which mean 40 days.
Quarantine
42
separates and restricts the movement of people
who were exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become
sick
Quarantine,
43
A device used to determine the cardinal points of the Earth,
namely North, South, East and West
COMPASS
44
The earliest medieval European clockmakers were Catholic
monks. Medieval religious institutions required clocks because
they regulated daily prayer- and work-schedules strictly.
MECHANICAL CLOCK
45
FUNCTIONS:
To turn and break up soil
To bury crop residues
To help control weed growth
The invention and widespread adoption of the ___ was
the most important element in the agricultural revolution.
HEAVY PLOUGH
46
Used to measure the position of the stars and planets more
accurately aside from its use in navigation and travel.
Astrolabe
47
It was Joseph Swan who invented the first working light bulb on
February 3, 1879. It extended the workplace time and helped
establish social order after night fall
Light Bulb
48
It helps you travel long distances in a short amount of time.
INVENTORS: WRIGHT BROTHERS Orville Wright & Wilbur Wright
Airplane
49
Interconnects the world to share culture and ideas. Invented by
ARPA for military purposes.
Internet
50
-known as the first writing system. -a system that utilizes word
pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay using
wedge instruments. -allowed the Sumerians to keep records
with historical value.
CUNEIFORM
51
Worn for health and wellness rather than for aesthetic
purposes.
Used to protect the shaved heads of the wealthy Egyptians from
the harmful rays of the sun.
Considered cleaner than natural hair.
WIG
52
naturally produced by silkworms.
the Chinese were the ones who developed the technology to
harvest the silk and process it to produce paper and clothing
Silk
53
1st Century AD
An “Aeolipile” or a “Hero’s Engine”
A steam turbine
Invented by Heron Alexandrinus
STEAM ENGINE
54
An ancient Greek analogue computer and orrery used to predict
astronomical positions and eclipses for calendar and astrological
purposes decades in advance.
Could also be used to track the four-year cycle of athletic games
It is a complex clockwork mechanism composed of at least 30
meshing bronze gears.
Antikythera Mechanism
55
INVENTOR: Ancient Egyptians
PURPOSE/INVENTION: To transport and fighting ships, and were
in use long before western ships that included such features;
used as trade vessels, by explorers, to transport cargo, and as
battleships.
SHIP/BOAT
56
Inventor: Mesopotamians
Purpose: To carry more load efficiently without exerting much
effort. __ are used to move something easier as there is
less friction involved when pushing the object.
How it was invented at that time: Initially used as a pottery
wheel, the ancient Mesopotamians realized that it could also be
applied to other things such as chariots, wheelbarrows, and
many more.
invented by the Mesopotamians,
invented in 3500 B.C.
evidence suggests that the first ___ weren’t used for
transportation, but as a pottery ___at first.
__ were first discovered on an ancient wagon, where two
ancient__ were attached to an axle, where they work
simultaneously.
WHEELS
57
one of the most commonly used gadget these
days, but in Ancient era Ctesibius an ancient greek engineer,
physicist and mathematician who lived in Alexandria, Ptolemaic
Egypt invented the first __ or Known as __
during the Ancient Era.
The __ was invented with the purpose of tracking time.
Ctesibus made a system of dropping peddles on a gong to make
a sound which is the first__ The dropping peddles
were set to end at a specific time
ALARM CLOCK/Water
Clock/Clepsydra
58
Inventor: Guglielmo Marconi : First long-distance wireless
communication
Transatlantic Telegram
59
It was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. He discovered
the Penicillum Notatum
Antibiotics
60
are synthetic and are made of polymers which are long
molecules
It was invented by Leo Hendrik Baekeland in June 1907
Plastics
61
Inventor: Francisco Quisumbing (1931)
Quink stands for Quisumbing Ink was sold in the United States
since 1931. ___ has the desired quality of ink flow, it
resisted water and molding, it was not corrosive and it’s quick
drying
Quink Ink
62
Inventor: Noli Dazo (1937)
used as a generator to energize electronic appliances such as airconditioning unit, television, refrigerator, water pump, and
other gadgets and could even start a vehicle.
Water Gasoline
63
Inventor: Fe del Mundo (1941)
was composed of two native laundry baskets made of bamboo.
Made of different sizes, the baskets were “placed one inside the
other.” She would then put hot water bottles all around and
between the baskets to regulate the body temperature of
babies
Bamboo Incubator
64
Inventor: Abelardo Aguilar (1949)
used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria in the
respiratory tract including pneumonia, bronchitis, legionnaires
disease (a type of lung infection) and pertussis (a serious
infection that can cause severe coughing) and Sexually
Transmitted Disease (STD) and other skin infections. Generally, it
works by stopping the growth of the bacteria.
Erythromycin
65
nventor: Gregorio Zara (1955)
device that easily enabled distance learning and video
conferencing and also proved helpful for the hearing impaired.
Videophone
66
Inventor: Eduardo San Juan (1971)
a battery-powered, four-wheeled rover also used on the moon
in the last three missions of the American Apollo program (15,
16, and 17) during 1971 and 1972
Luna Rover aka “Moon
Buggy
67
Inventor: Roberto del Rosario (1976)
a handy, multi-purpose, compact machine that incorporates an
amplifier speaker, one or two tape mechanisms, an optional
tuner or radio, and a microphone mixer with features to
enhance one's voice, such as the echo or reverb to simulate an
opera hall or a studio sound.
Karaoke
68
Inventor: Diosdado Banatao (1989)
allowed computer users to use graphics for commands and not
the usual typed commands in older computers. It has allowed
data processing to be a little faster using very little space,
16-Bit Microchip
69
Inventor: Jayme Navaro (2007)
one of the great benefits of converting plastic to fuel is that the
fuel burns cleaner because of a low sulfur content. It is
estimated that the fuel will be 10-20 percent cheaper because of
the low production costs since the raw material is available in
such large quantities.
Plastic to diesel converter
70
Inventor: Aisa Mijeno (2015)
To run the lamp, they will just have to make a salt water
solution. With two tablespoons of salt and one glass of tap
water, the lamp can run for up to eight hours straight.
Sustainable Alternative
Lighting Lamp (SALt Lamp)
71
Invented by Alfredo M. Anos Sr. A 3 in 1 fire truck, rescue
vehicle, ambulance.
To help firefighters in their duty and provide first aid to fire
victims
ANOS FIRE AMBULANCE
AND RESCUE VEHICLE
(AFARV OR PATRIOT)
72
Invented by Atoy Llaves. It can travel both in land and water.
To put the country on the global automotive map
SALAMANDER
AMPHIBIOUS TRICYCLE
73
Invented by Danvic Briones. Used for emergency preparedness.
A life vest and survival kit in one
RESCUE 72
74
Invented by Ramon Barba. Used to increase mango production.
A mango flowering inducer.
Mango Flowering Spray
75
Invention in sumerian civilization
cuneiform
76
inevtions in mesapotamian period
irrigationa nd dikes
water mill
wheels
the plow
road
77
invetions in egyptina civilization
paper or papyrus
ink
hieroglyphics
cosmetics
wig
78
invention in greekk civilizaion
alarm clock
79
invention in roman civilization
water clock or clepsydra
newspaper
bound books or codex
roman architecture
80
invention in chinize civilization
silk
black powder
paper
81
invention in middle age or medieval
water and windmills
quarantine
printing press
paper money
eyeglass
compass
coffe houses
mechanical clock
heavy plough
gun powder
82
invention in modern era
led light
mri
telephone
touch sensitive devices
credi card
biycle
bionic arm
benz patent motorwagen
3d printing press
world web / internet
translatic telegram
wifi
83
Located in North Africa.
➢ Aside from engineering technology, the
Egyptians have contributed other practical things
in the world now considers as essential.
Egyptian Civilization
84
Known as the birthplace of western
philosophy (the reason behind phenomena
using logic) and mathematics
➢ Contributed much to the world especially in
the fields of science and technology.
Greek Civilization
85
Considered to be the oldest civilization in
Asia, if not, the world
➢ Famous among other civilizations because of
its silk trade
➢ Not a great amount was written about ancient
China due to its distance from the other
civilizations.
Chinese Civilization
86
Period of time of history of new systems,
warfare, education, and religious
conflicts
➢ Is split into three (3) periods:
o Dark ages / Early Middle Ages
High Middle Ages
Late Middle Ages
Middle Age (Medieval)
87
(401- 1000 A.D./C.E.)
Dark ages / Early Middle Ages
88
(1001 – 1300
A.D./C.E.)
High Middle Ages
89
(1301 – 1500
A.D./C.E.)
Late Middle Ages (1301
90
Accumulation of knowledge and passing
it from generation to generation has
begun when the modern humans
evolved from their hominid ancestors. They used stone as tools
Ancient Period (ca. 3,500 B.C. – 500 A.D.)
91
Also known as “Dark Ages”
Medieval Period (ca. 500 - 1500)
92
Considered to be one of the creative
periods in the history of humans and said
to be the start of the first industrial
revolution
o Years immediately after the fall of Rome,
there was a period of adjustment,
where medieval society was more
concerned with keeping peace and
empire building than nurturing centers of
learning.
Mediecal Period (ca. 500 - 1500)
93
There were greater advancements in
technology and adaptation of Eastern
technologies in the West, including
invention of vertical windmills,
spectacles, mechanical clocks, greatly
improved water mills, building techniques
like the Gothic style, and three-field crop
rotation
o One of the greatest inventions during the
Middle Ages was the printing press of
Johannes Gutenberg
medieval period
94
The term “” refers to the
period of rebirth as age of preparation
for the 17th century scientific
development and achievements.
“Renaissance”
95
One of the greatest achievements during
this period was the technology of
printing books and other documents
which helped the rapid spread of
knowledge and information as well as the
preservation of the culture.
o Many historians prefer to think of the
Renaissance as primarily an intellectual
and cultural movement rather than a
historical period.
Renaissance Period (14th – 17th Century)
96
heliocentric where he said that the sun
is the center of the solar system instead
of the earth.
Polish mathematician and astronomer,
Nicolaus Copernicus’ theory of
heliocentric
97
was also a major
Renaissance scientist as he improved
the telescope, discovered new celestial
bodies, and found support for a
heliocentric solar system
Galileo Galilei
98
The phenomenal process in the transfer
of doing work by human hands and feet
to the use of machines was called the
Industrial Revolution
99
It began in Great Britain and spread
across Europe, America, and even Asia
from 1760 to 1840.
o One of the major setbacks of the
Industrial Revolution was skilled workers were set aside because
operation of new machines were used.
o The companies also hired women and
children increasingly which cost lower
than of the skilled workers.
o Three important technologies formed the
foundations of the first Industrial
Revolution: (1) iron production, (2) steam
engine, (3) textiles)
o Robert Fulton invented the steamboat
o Thomas Edison invented the light bulb
o Alexander Graham Bell invented the
telephone
o George Stephenson developed the first
steam-powered locomotive
Industrial Revolution (18th century)
100
Witnessed the rise of modern industry,
from agriculture to industrial
manufacturing and technology-intensive
services
In the 19th Century
101
This century was considered to be the
age of machine tools
In the 19th Century
102
One of the most noticeable in the history
of humans for its incomparable
technological advances and scientific
discoveries
In the 20th century
103
bestg inviention in medieval period
printing press
104
best invention in renaissance
printing books
105
imporant technology in idustrial period
iron, production, steam engine, textile
