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Historical Antecedents Flashcards

1
Q

The historical antecedents of science and technology are a fascinating journey through blank and blank

A

human ingenuity and curiosity

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2
Q

What are the three ages in pre-historic time?

A

Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age

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3
Q

What time is the emergence of basic tools and techniques?

A

Pre-historic time

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4
Q

What age in the pre-historic time does the fire discover?

A

Stone Age

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5
Q

The discovery and control of this marked a significant turning point in human history. It provided warmth, light, protection from predators, and the ability to cook food, which increased nutritional value and reduced the risk of disease.

A

Fire

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6
Q

What pre-historic age does the earliest humans relied on tools for survival?

A

Stone Age

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7
Q

In what pre-historic age denotes the first period in which metal was used to make bronze tools and weapons: sword, axes, plows, locks and chariot.

A

Bronze Age

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8
Q

During this pre-historic age humans already settled into small village life, toiling the soil with iron farming tools such as sickles and plough tips?

A

Iron Age

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9
Q

Bronze Age

A

(Mining and Metallurgy)

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10
Q

Iron Age

A

(Ferrous and Metallurgy)

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11
Q

In what pre-historic age did civilization arise?

A

Iron Age

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12
Q

It allowed for the transmission of techniques, the coordination of group activities, and the creation of narratives and stories, laying the foundation for cultural development and social progress.

A

Language

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13
Q

In what time are the Advancements in Agriculture and Architecture?

A

Ancient Time

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14
Q

In what period is this? “The cultivation of crops and the domestication of animals allowed for a more sedentary lifestyle, leading to the formation of permanent settlements and the growth of civilizations.”

A

Ancient Time

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15
Q

Innovations such as irrigation systems, plows, and tools for harvesting increased food production, supporting larger populations and enabling the development of specialized labor.

A

Ancient Time

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16
Q

They developed impressive architectural feats, ranging from monumental pyramids in Egypt to complex temples in Mesopotamia.

A

Architecture/ Ancient Time

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17
Q

These structures were not only symbols of power and belief but also showcased advancements in engineering, construction, and mathematics.

A

Ancient Architecture/Ancient Time

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18
Q

Early civilizations developed a keen understanding of astronomy, tracking celestial bodies and using their movements to navigate, predict seasons, and develop calendars.

A

Ancient Time

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19
Q

The observation of the stars also led to the development of mathematical and astronomical concepts, laying the foundation for later scientific discoveries.

A

Ancient Time

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20
Q

What civilization is the first to produce a writing system called cuneiform?

A

Sumerian Civilization

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21
Q

The Sumerians developed a complex number system based on the base 60, which influenced later mathematical systems, including our modern system of time measurement (60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour).

A

Sexagesimal System

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22
Q

Does it contain Sumerian historical information?

A

Clay Tablet

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23
Q

In this civilization, astronomers were highly skilled, mapping the movements of planets and stars, predicting eclipses, and developing a sophisticated understanding of celestial phenomena such as Zodiac?

A

Sumerian Civilization

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24
Q

Sumerians developed a sophisticated understanding of celestial phenomena called?

A

Zodiac

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25
Q

They were known for their engineering prowess, constructing massive irrigation systems, temples, and ziggurats. These projects required a deep understanding of mathematics, geometry, and materials science, showcasing their advanced technological capabilities.

A

Sumerian Civilization

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26
Q

In this period, they developed a systematic farming technique, including irrigation systems that harnessed the waters of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. These advancements boosted food production, supported a growing population, and enabled the emergence of a more complex social structure.

A

Sumerian Civilization

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27
Q

What are the four major happenings during Sumerian Civilization?

A

Sexagesimal System, First Astronomer, Advancement in Agriculture, Engineering (Potters’ Wheel)

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28
Q

What civilization created Hammurabi Law?

A

Babylonian Civilization

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29
Q

They further advanced study of the field, developing sophisticated mathematical models to predict the movements of planets and stars. They created detailed star catalogs, devised methods for calculating lunar eclipses, and made significant contributions to the understanding of celestial cycles.

A

Babylonian Astronomers/Babylonian Civilization

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30
Q

They developed advanced mathematical techniques, including algebra, geometry, and trigonometry.

A

Babylonian Civilization

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31
Q

Babylonians used these tools (mathematical techniques) for practical purposes, such as surveying land, designing structures, and calculating astronomical phenomena

A

Babylonian Civilization

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32
Q

They constructed impressive cities, including Babylon, with its famous hanging gardens and the Isthar Gate.

A

Babylonian Engineers

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33
Q

They mastered the use of bricks and mortar, developed complex irrigation systems, and built elaborate temples and palaces.

A

Babylonian Engineers

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34
Q

In what civilization does Achievements in Nile River occur?

A

Egyptian Civilization

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35
Q

Pyramids, temples, obelisks, and monumental tombs showcase advanced engineering and a deep understanding of geometry.

A

Egyptian Architecture

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36
Q

Egyptian physicians developed sophisticated medical practices, including surgery, dentistry, and the use of herbs and remedies.

A

Egyptian Civilization

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37
Q

They also made significant advancements in anatomy, diagnosis, and treatment that enabled them to master the art of science of embalming (Mummification) their dead

A

Egyptian Civilization

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38
Q

In Egyptian civilization, it allowed for the recording of knowledge, history, and religious beliefs.

A

Hieroglyphics

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39
Q

The Egyptians also developed a system of, for storing and transmitting information.

A

Papyrus Scrolls

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40
Q

What star did the Egyptian astronomers study which help them forecast the seasons and predict the annual flooding in the Nile River?

A

Sirius Star

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41
Q

Egyptians developed this based on the solar year and predicting celestial events such as eclipses.

A

Calendar

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42
Q

What’s the name of the formal writing system during Egyptian Civilization?

A

Hieroglyphics

43
Q

In what civilization did the advancement in Maritime Technology occur?

A

Cretan Civilization

44
Q

This civilization introduced innovations in sail design, hull construction, and navigation, paving the way for future maritime exploration.

A

Cretan Civilization

45
Q

They are known for their seafaring prowess, developed advanced shipbuilding techniques, allowing them to navigate the Mediterranean Sea and establish trade routes with other civilizations.

A

Cretan Civilization

46
Q

What sea did the Minoans navigate and established trade routes with other civilizations?

A

Mediterranean Sea

47
Q

Their maritime skills facilitated extensive trade networks, connecting Crete to other civilizations in the region. This exchange of goods and ideas fostered economic growth and cultural development, leading to the spread of Minoan culture and technology.

A

Cretan Civilization

48
Q

In this civilization, the barter system was established?

A

Cretan Civilization

49
Q

Their palaces, adorned with intricate frescoes and sculptures, showcase their artistic talents and technological advancements in building techniques and materials.

A

Cretan Civilization

50
Q

What civilization does Improvements in Civil Engineering and Infrastructure appear?

A

Roman Civilization

51
Q

The Romans constructed an extensive network of roads that connected their empire, facilitating trade, communication, and the movement of troops. These roads, built with durable materials and innovative engineering techniques, helped to maintain order and stability throughout the empire.

A

Roman Civilization

52
Q

During roman civilization, it is designed to transport water from distant sources, showcased their ingenuity in engineering and hydraulics. These impressive structures used gravity and sophisticated techniques to deliver water to cities and towns, ensuring a reliable water supply for a growing population.

A

Aqueducts

53
Q

It is characterized by its durability, grandeur, and engineering excellence.

A

Roman Architecture

54
Q

The Colosseum, Pantheon, and other monumental buildings showcase their mastery of materials, construction techniques, and architectural design.

A

Roman Architecture/Roman Civilization

55
Q

In what time does Advancements in Optics and Mechanical Devices occur?

A

Medieval Times

56
Q

In what field did the Medieval scholars make significant advancements, developing lenses and eyeglasses to correct vision.

A

Optics

57
Q

Medieval scholars’ innovation of optics led to the development of, tools that revolutionized the study of the universe and the microscopic world.

A

Telescope and Microscope

58
Q

What mechanical devices did Medieval engineers develop? These inventions showcased their understanding of mechanics, power transmission, and the application of energy sources.

A

Clock, Waterwheel, Wind Mills

59
Q

It is a precursor to modern chemistry, involving experimentation with elements and substances, leading to the discovery of new chemical processes and materials.

A

Alchemy

60
Q

What time did Breakthroughs in Astronomy and Anatomy occur?

A

Renaissance Time

61
Q

In this period, they saw a groundbreaking advancement in astronomy, led by figures like Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei.

A

Renaissance Time

62
Q

Through the observations of Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei during Renaissance Time, what device did they use to prevail theories about the solar system, ushering in a new era of scientific inquiry and discovery?

A

Telescope

63
Q

Who made significant contributions to the understanding of human anatomy during Renaissance Time?

A

Leonard da Vinci

64
Q

Their detailed drawings and dissections challenged previous theories and paved the way for modern anatomical studies.

A

Roman Artists and Anatomists

65
Q

Spanning the 16th and 17th centuries, marked a profound shift in how knowledge was acquired and disseminated.

A

Scientific Revolution

66
Q

It was championed by Nicolaus Copernicus and later Galileo Galilei, challenged the long-held geocentric model and ushered in a new era of astronomical observation.

A

Heliocentric Theory

67
Q

It emphasized observation, experimentation, and logical reasoning, and provided a framework for rigorous scientific inquiry.

A

Scientific Method

68
Q

The scientific method, pioneered by the two famous people, allowed scientists to test hypotheses, draw conclusions based on evidence, and advance scientific knowledge in a systematic manner.

A

Fracis Bacon and Rene Descartes

69
Q

What are the 3 impacts of the Scientific Revolution?

A

Heliocentric Model, Scientific Method, New Discoveries

70
Q

His laws of motion and universal gravitation revolutionized our understanding of the physical world, laying the groundwork for future developments in mechanics, optics, and astronomy.

A

Isaac Newton

71
Q

The discovery made by Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell unified electricity, magnetism, and light, leading to the development of electric generators, motors, and communication technologies that transformed our lives

A

Electromagnetism

72
Q

Who discovered electromagnetism?

A

James Clerk Maxwell and Michael Faraday

73
Q

The early 20th century witnessed the development of, which revolutionized our understanding of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level.

A

Quantum Mechanics

74
Q

This theory, developed by physicists like Max Planck, Albert Einstein, and Bohr, led to the invention of transistors, lasers, and other transformative technologies.

A

Quantum Mechanics

75
Q

Who developed the Quantum Mechanics?

A

Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Neils Bohr

76
Q

What are the three effects of Rise of Modern Physics and the Scientific Method?

A

Newton’s Law, Electromagnetism, Quantum Mechanics

77
Q

It began in the 18th century, and was characterized by a rapid transformation in manufacturing and technology.

A

Industrial Revolution

78
Q

The invention of James Watt provided a new source of power, revolutionizing transportation and manufacturing processes.

A

Stem Engine

79
Q

Who invented the stem engine?

A

James Watt

80
Q

This industry, with inventions like the spinning jenny and the power loom, saw significant advancements that led to mass production and increased efficiency. These advancements set the stage for further industrialization.

A

Textile Industry

81
Q

It had profound social and economic consequences, leading to urbanization, increased population, and the rise of the factory system.

A

Industrial Revolution

82
Q

It also created new social classes and challenges, such as poverty, inequality, and environmental pollution.

A

Industrial Revolution

83
Q

What are the three Industrial Revolution and its Technological Advancements?

A

Stem Engine, Textile Industry, Social Impacts

84
Q

What are the Influences of the Enlightenment on Scientific Progress?

A

Reason and Logic, Scientific Societies, Impact on Science, and Legacy of Progress

85
Q

It is a period of intellectual and cultural ferment in the 18th century, emphasizing reason and logic as the basis for knowledge and progress. This emphasis on scientific inquiry and rational thought fostered a climate of intellectual freedom and innovation.

A

Enlightenment

86
Q

It provided platforms for scientists to share their findings, collaborate on research, and disseminate knowledge to a wider audience.

A

Scientific Societies

87
Q

What are the four Emergences of Computer Science and the Digital Age (4)?

A

Mobile Revolution, Internet and Networking, Early Computing, Artificial Intelligence

88
Q

The development of the computer, beginning in the mid-, marked a new era in technology.

A

20th century

89
Q

What are the early computers that were large and complex machines, but they laid the foundation for the digital revolution?

A

ENIAC AND UNIVAC

90
Q

The rise of mobile computing, with the development of smartphones and tablets, has brought computing power and connectivity to billions of people worldwide.

A
91
Q

This revolution has transformed how we access information, communicate, and interact with the world around us.

A

Mobile Revolution

92
Q

The invention of the internet in the 1960s and its subsequent development revolutionized communication, information sharing, and access to knowledge. This interconnected network has transformed our lives in countless ways, connecting people, businesses, and institutions across the globe.

A
93
Q

It is rapidly evolving, with applications in fields ranging from healthcare and finance to transportation and entertainment.

A

Artificial Intelligence

94
Q

It has the potential to revolutionize many industries and aspects of our lives, but it also raises ethical considerations about its impact on society.

A

Artificial Intelligence

95
Q

What are the Impacts of Globalization on the Dissemination of Scientific Knowledge?

A

Increased Collaboration, Sharing of Resources, and Rapid Dissemination of Knowledge

96
Q

Globalization has fostered increased collaboration among scientists from different countries and cultures. This collaboration has led to a more diverse and robust approach to scientific research and innovation.

A
97
Q

The sharing of resources and expertise across borders has accelerated scientific progress. International research projects and collaborations have allowed scientists to access advanced facilities, funding, and talent pools.

A
98
Q

Globalization has facilitated the rapid dissemination of scientific knowledge through international conferences, publications, and online platforms. This quick exchange of ideas and discoveries has fueled scientific innovation and accelerated progress in various fields.

A
99
Q

What are The Ethical Considerations in the Advancement of Science and Technology?

A

Bioethics, Artificial Intelligence, Social Impact, Social Justice

100
Q

Advances in biotechnology, such as genetic engineering and stem cell research, raise ethical questions about the manipulation of life and the potential consequences for human health and society.

A
101
Q

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) raises ethical concerns about its potential impact on employment, privacy, and the very nature of human intelligence. It also raises questions about the responsibilities and accountability of AI developers and users.

A
102
Q

Technological advancements, while often beneficial, can also have negative environmental impacts, such as pollution, climate change, and resource depletion. Addressing these environmental challenges requires careful consideration of the ethical implications of our technological choices.

A
103
Q

Access to scientific knowledge and technological advancements should be equitable and fair. Ethical considerations should guide the development and deployment of technologies to ensure that they benefit all of humanity, not just a select few.

A

STS (9 decks)

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