Historical And Ideological Dimensions Part 2

Question 1

Development of public school system

Answer 1

Expansion of families
Need for a system of free public schooling

This system no longer needed to foster loyalty to traditional powers such as the church and the crown but at cleat Canadian identity

Question 2

According to the new model of education

Answer 2

Open to all children of school ages

Secular

Should cultivate social and political bonds within Canada

Question 3

Important factor of education

Answer 3

Preservation of Canadian autonomy and in the process of Canadian nation building

Question 4

Objectives for public schools

Answer 4

Basic literacy

Foster new attitudes and loyalties thy with time will define Canadian identity

Question 5

Final goal

Answer 5

Create Canadian citizens that contributed to the growth of a stable Canadian society

Question 6

Dual objectives of education

Answer 6

1) schooling provides formal learning opportunities - besides fundamental skills, exposed to new ideas
2) disciplining the individual through emphasis on rules and habits rather than on lessons

Question 7

Emphasis on rules

Answer 7

Formal regulations governed most aspects of schooling, from text books to school behaviour

Question 8

How did the regularization of school transform education

Answer 8

A disciplinary process where order was enforced through rituals of repetition

Question 9

What did school routines allow?

Answer 9

Authorities to more closely monitor and regulate teachers and students behaviours

Question 10

Did the government authorities gain new powers to regular the lives of young individuals?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

How did the power become so extensive?

Answer 11

Govt authorities were no longer limited to the school setting - act as legal guardians

Question 12

In loco parentis

Answer 12

A power that granted educators parental authority while children were at school

Question 13

Absence of proper guidance by parents =

Answer 13

Govt authorities should intervene in order to avoid future dangers to the social order

Question 14

Foucault argues new mechanisms of power

Answer 14

Surveillance
Regimentation
Categorization
Punishment

Question 15

What would the technologies foster?

Answer 15

Multiple separations
Individualizing distributions
Organization of surveillance and control

Intensification and ramifications of power

Question 16

Central function of disciplinary power

Answer 16

Straighten behaviours

Question 17

The success of this disciplinary power is based in three simple instruments

Answer 17

Hierarchical inspection

Normalizing sanction and it’s combination

Examination

Question 18

What is the examination?

Answer 18

Normalizing gaze (what students should already know)

a surveillance that qualifies

Classifies and punishes

Question 19

Industry, science, bureaucratic organization of schooling

Answer 19

Schools do not emerge to create an industrial workforce, industry still influenced public schooling in important ways

Question 20

Modern industry provided?

Answer 20

Models of organizational management that were applied to school settings in order to increase efficiency

The schooling models that emerged from this logic , emphasized routine and factory like work

Question 21

Example of the modern industry

Answer 21

Scientific management

Allows employers to control industrial production by dividing task into their basic operations

Question 22

Educational progressivism what did they hate?

Answer 22

Industrial logic to the field of education

Question 23

What did educational progressives advocate?

Answer 23

Twin virtues of science and humanism

Question 24

What did educational progressives propose

Answer 24

Schooling should contribute to the achievement of social progress by encouraging students to develop their human potential

Question 25

What did progressivism want?

Answer 25

Create schools that promoted artistic and interpersonal development instead of just academic courses

Foster creativity and personal growth

Question 26

What is considered a teacher

Answer 26

Expert that had received a specialized training in order to be able to teach

Question 27

Principles of teaching

Answer 27

Subjected to direct and indirect constrains that limited the influence of teachers on educational practice

Question 28

What were teachers subordinated to?

Answer 28

Educational bureaucracy that treated education matters as technical problems

Regulations set by expert outsides the occupation that took every decision in terms of curricula and the selection of textbooks

Subordinated to the supervision of educational administrators

Question 29

Educational expansion: educational practices grow in two terms:

Answer 29

1. Variety of educational institutions, programs and curricula appears - this opened the door for a range of new courses and subjects that provided students with new ways of thinking
2. Increasing numbers of individuals enrolled in education programs. Remained in the programs longer

Question 30

Result of transformation in educational practice

Answer 30

Increase in educational attainment

Increase in teacher qualifications

Much better equipped classrooms

Central element in social and economic life Beyond schooling

Question 31

Mid twentieth century education

Answer 31

Formal education had become a credentialing mechanism

Occupations and jobs only could be accessed through the right educational credentials

Educational achievement was linked with the attainment of jobs and it’s wages

Question 32

The most successful educational ideology of the time was influenced by?

Answer 32

Liberal and human capital positions

Question 33

Educators and policy makers became centred on issues of

Answer 33

Equality of opportunity and a renewed educational progressivism that stressed child centred learned and educational flexibility

Question 34

Objective in the educational crisis

Answer 34

Broaden children’s development in order to prepare them for life in a post industrial society

Question 35

Experimental and innovative practices were designed

Answer 35

Overcome what was believed to be rigid and obsolete pedagogical models based on industrial and bureaucratic principles

Question 36

What changes were made during the mid 1970s?

Answer 36

Better address local needs and disadvantaged groups impacted schooling in important ways

However inadequate training for teachers and lack of resources to implement educational changes hindered the success of educational liberalization

Chaos caused that many educators decided to go back to old ways of teaching

Question 37

Problems with the reform in the mid 1970’s

Answer 37

Did not pay attention to social forces outside of the field of education

Political economic and cultural factors that limit the capacity of formal education to effect social change

Open classes and learning resource centres to schools in order to escape the rigid structure of school spatial organization were introduced

Education is a frequent and vulnerable target for state measures that seek to reduce public expenditure

Reduction of wages and costs in the education sector

Teachers = scapegoats

Question 38

Quebec Ontario and bc became?

Answer 38

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