Historical and Current Impact of Educational Philosophies

Question 1

The historical figure most often spoken of as the father of American education was:

Answer 1

Horace Mann

Question 2

What is a Dame school?

Answer 2

A Dame school was ran by women for the purpose of teaching children how to read and write.

Question 3

True or False: Horace Mann believed that the country was too diverse to reasonably teach a common set of beliefs and moral values.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What did the “Eight-Year Study” conducted in the US in 1930 determine?

Answer 4

The study determined that the progressive approach improved curiosity and critical thinking in students.

Question 5

True or False: Philosophy raises questions: it does not solve them.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What is the philosophy behind essentialism?

Answer 6

Students should be learning basic facts regarding the physical and social world around them.

Question 7

What is the philosophy behind progressivism?

Answer 7

Progressivism teaches that curriculum should begin with the child’s interests and experiences, and that all learning is active.

Question 8

As a behaviorists, B.F. Skinner hypothesized what about learning?

Answer 8

He hypothesized that learning is a function of change in the way one behaves.

Question 9

True or False: The first colonial schools were developed to assure that the new generation would sustain its religious beliefs.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or False: A hallmark of a progressive classroom is the purposeful activity of pupils who may be engaged in research and inquiry with groups and alone.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False: The Socratic Method is a way of teaching that centers on the use of questions by the teacher to lead students to a certain conclusion.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

True or False: John Locke believed that teachers needed to create a nonthreatening learning environment— a rather revolutionary idea at that time.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Who is B.F. Skinner? What is he known for?

Answer 13

Skinner is the founder of behavior theory, which states that learning is the process to changing our behavior.

Question 14

What was the major philosophy of Lev Vygotsky?

Answer 14

Lev Vygotsky believed that the social interactions of a child play major role in their cognitive development.

Question 15

What did Robert Havighurst develop?

Answer 15

Robert Havighurst developed scientific tasks that a child should be able to perform to develop normally.

Question 16

What was Jean Piaget theory on learning?

Answer 16

Jean Piaget determined that there are 4 stages to learning.

a) sensorimotor, b) preoperational, c) concrete operations, d) formal operations

Question 17

What was the development philosophy of Jerome Bruner?

Answer 17

Jerome Bruner believed that children encounter certain steps as they mature. Those steps are action, imagery, and symbolism

Question 18

What is Benjamin Bloom known for? And, what are the three learning factors defined by Bloom?

Answer 18

Benjamin Bloom is the author of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational objectives;
The 3 learning facors are:
1) cognitive entry behaviors of students i.e. how a student has mastered prerequisite skills
2) effective entry characteristics, i.e. students interest in learning the material
3) quality of instruction, i.e. the degree of appropriateness of the instruction for the learner

Question 19

What type of education did Fredrick Douglass want to implement? Who did he think would benefit from that?

Answer 19

Fredrick Douglass believed that by implementing vocational education he would be able to help the sad state of African Americans.

Question 20

Who did Booker T. Washington seek out to help, and why did he want to help them? How did he do it?

Answer 20

Booker T. Washington believed that educating African Americans was the key to their success. That is why he formed an institute for them in Tuskegee.

Question 21

What were Maria Montessori’s methods for teaching young children?

Answer 21

Maria Montessori’s theory included using child sized furniture to facilitate learning for children. She emphasized independent work that was monitored by a teacher.

Question 22

Ella Flagg Young was the first woman to do what? What did she institute into school curriculum?

Answer 22

Ella Young was the first female president of the National Education Association. She also added vocational and physical education into school curriculum.

Question 23

What was the main pupose of the education system in the Northern Colonies? Early 1600’s

Answer 23

To teach reading and writing in order to teach children to read scripture and worship.

Question 24

Did african slaves in the south receive an education

Answer 24

No, unless it was job specific taught by the slave holder.

Question 25

What type of schooling wa available past Dame school?

Answer 25

They could attend Latin Grammar Schools

Question 26

What are Latin Grammar Schools?

Answer 26

Early higher education schools focused on teaching latin and some greek.

Question 27

Was higher education predominantly privatized or socialized through the government?

Answer 27

Government.

Question 28

What is Horace Mann known as?

Answer 28

The father of American Education

Question 29

What was Horace Mann’s philosophy?

Answer 29

There could be a more informed citizenry through education for all.

Question 30

What education reform movement was started by Horace Mann?

Answer 30

Common School Movement. Universal education for all children at the expense of the public.

Question 31

What is the Old Deluder Satan Act?

Answer 31

Act that required education for children, required teachers, and required schools. This act determined that eucation is a public good and requires public stewardship.

Question 32

What type of instruction did Socrates advocate?

Answer 32

Teaching that centers on the use of questions by the teacher to lead students to a certain conclusion.

Question 33

Erasmus was famous for forming which theory?

Answer 33

Most famous humanist, formed the humanistic theory of education.

Question 34

What did Frederich Froebel establish, and who did he think was best suited to teach young children?

Answer 34

Established the first kindergarten. Believed that women were best suited to teach young children. Also saw that all children have unique needs.

Question 35

What did John Locke believe about childrens’ minds and what kind of learning environment did he advocate for?

Answer 35

Children’s minds are a blank slate. Believed students needed a nonthreatening learning environment. that was revolutionary.

Question 36

What are the 3 teacher-centered philosophies?

Answer 36

Essentialism, Positivism, Behaviorism

Question 37

What are the 3 student-centered philosophies?

Answer 37

Progressivism, Humanism, Constructivism

Question 38

What is Essentialism, and is it teacher-centered or student-centered?

Answer 38

Teacher-centered: A philosophy of education based on the assumption that students should learn the basic facts regarding the social and physical world.

Question 39

What is Positivism, and is it teacher-centered or student-centered?

Answer 39

Teacher-centered: Rejects mind, consiousness, and presumptions. Reality explained through scientific laws. Use of direct instruction with clear structure and expectations.

Question 40

What it Progressivism, and is it teacher-centered or student-centered?

Answer 40

Student-centered: A philosophy of education developed by John Dewey based on the assumption that all learning is active, that learning is intellectual, social, and emotional, and that curriculum should begin wit the child’s interests and expereiences.

focuses on how you think (process) not what you think (content). No authority figure, everyone is learning together.

Question 41

What is Humanism, and is it teacher-centered or student-centered?

Answer 41

Student-centered: Focus that all objectives and school decisions should be based on the students. Education develops free, self actualizing adults.

Question 42

What is Constructivism, and is it teacher-centered or student-centered?

Answer 42

Student-centered: Instruction involves a lot of hands-on learning. Focus on critical thinking and generation. Problem based learning.