Historical and Cultural Background of African Music Flashcards
Historical and Cultural Background of African Music
Singing, dancing, hand clapping, and the beating of drums are essential to many ceremonies : Like birth, death, initiation, marriage and funerals.
Important to religious expression and political events.
It has great influences on global music ( contemporary American, Latin American, and European styles)
what is the rhythm of african music?
Polyrhythms(Different meters or metrical starting points going at once.
what is the melody of african music?
Use small melodic intervals,
has recurring patterns
what is the harmony of african music?
acapella
what is the form of african music?
follows call and response form
what is the texture of african music?
homophonic
Musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style to wake up the worshipers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan.
apala
Popular musical genre from El Salvador, Bahia and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Carribean styles of the marcha, reggae and calypso
axe
Hard and fast Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar accompaniment. Influenced by mbira-based guitar styles.
jit
Lively and uninhibited variation of jitterbug a form of swing dance.
jive
Popular style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms where the instruments in ?? are more Western in origin.
juju
Shake your booty dance style begun in Zaire in the late 80’s.
kwassa kwassa
Characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and repetitive harmony over an extended period of time to allow the dances more time on the dance floor.
marabi
Jamaican sound dominated by bass and guitar chops
reggae
is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian dance music. It comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero.
salsa- afro cuban music
Typifies most Brazilian music. It is a lively and rhythmical dance and music with three steps to every bar, making the ??? feel like a timed dance.
samba
Modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop music combining “soul” and “calypso” music.
Soca
Muslim music performed often as a wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers during Ramadan celebration.
were
Fast, carnival-like rhythmic music from the Creole slang word for “party” Originating in the Carribean Islands of Guadalupe and Martinique.
zouk
what are the traditional music of africa?
Apala Axe Jit Jive JUju Kwassa kwassa marabi Reggae salsa- afro cuban music samba soca were zouk
surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco, combining the strong rhythms of African percussion instruments with Portuguese melodies It uses instruments such as the alfaia, tarol, and caixa-de-Guerra, gongue, agbe, and miniero.
maracatu
The maracatu groups were called
“nacoes” (nations)
Musical form of the late 19th century that has had deep roots in African-American communities ( “Deep South” of the United States). Slaves used to sing as they worked in the cotton and vegetable fields.
blues
It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz. The catchy rhythms are accompanied by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves which are among its important features.
soul
method is a succession of two distinct musical phrases usually rendered by different musicians, where the second phrase acts as a direct commentary on or response to the first
the call and response
what are the vocal forms in african music?
maracatu
blues
soul
the call and response
what are the classification of musical instruments?
Idiophones Membranophones Lamellophones Chordophones Aerophones
Music of Latin America is the product of three major influences;
Indigenous, European, and African.
was largely functional in nature, being used for religious worship and ceremonies.
indigeneous latin american music
Natives were found to be using local drum and percussion instruments such as the guiro, maracas, and turtle shells, and wind instruments such as zampona ( pan pipes) and quena (notched-end flutes).
Indigenous latin american music
Materials came from hollow tree trunks, animal skins, fruit shells, dry seeds, jaguar claws, animal and human bones and especially-treated inflated eyes of tigers.
Indigenous latin american music
African influence on Latin American music is most pronounced in its rich and varied rhythmic patterns produced by the drums and various percussion instruments.
afro-latin american music
Melodies of the Renaissance period were used in Southern Chile and the Colombian Pacific coasts.
euro latin american
Step-wise melodies were preferred in the heavily Hispanic and Moorish-influenced areas of Venezuela and Colombia
euro latin american
what is the language of latin american music?
spanish and portugese
what is the rhytmhn in latin american music
Repetitive bass rhythms
what is the syncopation of latin american music?
weak rhytmic beats are accented
what is the call and response in latin american music
2 or more musical parts that go back and forth in response to each other
a song consists of 10 lines each having eight syllables
decima
what is the characteristics of latin american music?
Language rhythm syncopation call andresponse spanish decima
dance form of African origins around 1838 which evolved into an African-Brazilian invention in the working class and slum districts of Rio de Janeiro.
samba
Its lively rhythm, consisting of a meter but containing three steps each that create a feeling of a meter instead, was meant to be executed for singing, dancing, and parading in the carnival.
samba
he most adventurous kind of samba
batucada
Fusion of the popular music or “canciones” of Spain and the African rumba rhythms of Batu origin. Originating in Cuba, it is usually played with the tree (guitar), contrabass, bongos, maracas, and claves.
son
has evolved from Cuban son and other genres as a popular of urban Carribean Hispanics. Developed in New York in the early 1970’s.
salsa
Its style contains elements from the swing dance and hustle as well as the complex Afro-Cuban and Afro- Carribean dance forms of pachanga and guaguanco.
salsa
originated in Colombia and Panama, popular courtship dance. It is popular in The andean Region in southern Cone
cumbia
Evolved in Buenos Aires, Derived from Milonga a lively suggestive Argentinian dance, African origin meaning “African Dance”/from the Spanish word “Taner” meaning to play. Foremost Argentinian and Uruguayan urban popular song and dance.
tango
Derived from mambo of Cuba and its characteristic rhythm.It was imported from Congo by Bassist, Israel “Cachao” Lopez and his brother pianist, Orestes of the Orquesta Radiofonica with El Danzon Mambo
chacha
recreational dance of Afro-Cuban origin, normally used as a ballroom dance where a solo dancer or couple would be in an embrace though slightly apart.
rumba
popularized in1950s and 1960s as a movement affecting a radical change in the classic Cuban samba. The word “bossa” means either ‘new trend’ or ‘something charming, integrating melody, harmony, and rhythm into a “swaying” feel, where the vocal production is often nasal.
bossa nova
Foremost figure of the Bossanova is
Antonio Carlos Jobim
popular music and dance style that originated in Jamaica in the mid 1960’s.music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento and calypso
reggae
achieved international fame and acclaim because of his songs :No Woman, No Cry,
robert nesta “bob” marley
developed in US in the 1920s , named after Harry Fox. It is similar to waltz, Gave rise to other dances such as the black bottom, Charleston and shimmy.
foxtrot
“double step” is a theatrical Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in bullfights. The dance is arrogant and dignified with a duple meter, march-like character.
paso doble
what are the vocal forms of latin american music?
cumbia tango chacha rumba bossa nova reggae foxtrot paso doble
what are the popular music in latin american?
samba
salsa
son
s the music from 1800 to 1950. It is the most in line with the tastes and interest of the urban middle class, accessible to a wide audience. This would include an extremely wide range of music from vaudeville and minstrel shows to heavy metal.
popular music
Different Forms Of Popular Music
Ballad Standard Rock and Roll Alternative Music Disco
any light, simple song, having two or more stanzas all sung to the same melody. It is usually sung or performed in romantic or sentimental emotion. It was originally a narrative folk song.
ballad
is often synonymous with any love song
the term “ballad”
Also known as Pop Standards or Jazz Standards are traditional compositions that originated from 1910s. The earliest standards in Broadway Hollywood show tunes.
standard
With the advent of big band swing music in the mid 1930s, pop standards took the form of a more soothing performance style with such legendary crooners as Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby and Dean Martin, each backed by standard jazz orchestration.
standard
genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and 1950s. It is combination of African – American genres such as blues, jump blues, jazz, and Western swing and country music.
rock and roll
Proponents of this genre include Elvis Presley, Bill Haley and His Comets, The Beatles and the Beach Boys.
rock and roll
an umbrella term for underground music that emerged in the punk rock movement during the mid- 90s. These Genre is considered to be rock, because some of influences have been folk music, reggae, electronic, and jazz , among others.
alternative music
genre of dance- oriented pop music. It may be described as having soaring, reverberated vocals over a steady four-on-the-floor beat.
disco
returned dancing to the forefront music. The genre emerged out of an urban subculture in the early 1970s.
disco
the number one best- selling soundtrack of all time, turned disco into a mainstream music genre
saturday night fever
