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periodical test 2 > Historical and Cultural Background of African Music > Flashcards

Historical and Cultural Background of African Music Flashcards

1
Q

Historical and Cultural Background of African Music

A

Singing, dancing, hand clapping, and the beating of drums are essential to many ceremonies : Like birth, death, initiation, marriage and funerals.
Important to religious expression and political events.
It has great influences on global music ( contemporary American, Latin American, and European styles)

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2
Q

what is the rhythm of african music?

A

Polyrhythms(Different meters or metrical starting points going at once.

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3
Q

what is the melody of african music?

A

Use small melodic intervals,

has recurring patterns

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4
Q

what is the harmony of african music?

A

acapella

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5
Q

what is the form of african music?

A

follows call and response form

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6
Q

what is the texture of african music?

A

homophonic

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7
Q

Musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style to wake up the worshipers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan.

A

apala

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8
Q

Popular musical genre from El Salvador, Bahia and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Carribean styles of the marcha, reggae and calypso

A

axe

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9
Q

Hard and fast Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar accompaniment. Influenced by mbira-based guitar styles.

A

jit

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10
Q

Lively and uninhibited variation of jitterbug a form of swing dance.

A

jive

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11
Q

Popular style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms where the instruments in ?? are more Western in origin.

A

juju

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12
Q

Shake your booty dance style begun in Zaire in the late 80’s.

A

kwassa kwassa

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13
Q

Characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and repetitive harmony over an extended period of time to allow the dances more time on the dance floor.

A

marabi

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14
Q

Jamaican sound dominated by bass and guitar chops

A

reggae

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15
Q

is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian dance music. It comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero.

A

salsa- afro cuban music

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16
Q

Typifies most Brazilian music. It is a lively and rhythmical dance and music with three steps to every bar, making the ??? feel like a timed dance.

A

samba

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17
Q

Modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop music combining “soul” and “calypso” music.

A

Soca

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18
Q

Muslim music performed often as a wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers during Ramadan celebration.

A

were

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19
Q

Fast, carnival-like rhythmic music from the Creole slang word for “party” Originating in the Carribean Islands of Guadalupe and Martinique.

A

zouk

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20
Q

what are the traditional music of africa?

A 
Apala
Axe
Jit 
Jive
JUju
Kwassa kwassa
marabi 
Reggae
salsa- afro cuban music 
samba 
soca
were
zouk
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21
Q

surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco, combining the strong rhythms of African percussion instruments with Portuguese melodies It uses instruments such as the alfaia, tarol, and caixa-de-Guerra, gongue, agbe, and miniero.

A

maracatu

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22
Q

The maracatu groups were called

A

“nacoes” (nations)

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23
Q

Musical form of the late 19th century that has had deep roots in African-American communities ( “Deep South” of the United States). Slaves used to sing as they worked in the cotton and vegetable fields.

A

blues

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24
Q

It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz. The catchy rhythms are accompanied by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves which are among its important features.

A

soul

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25
Q

method is a succession of two distinct musical phrases usually rendered by different musicians, where the second phrase acts as a direct commentary on or response to the first

A

the call and response

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26
Q

what are the vocal forms in african music?

A

maracatu
blues
soul
the call and response

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27
Q

what are the classification of musical instruments?

A 
Idiophones
Membranophones
Lamellophones
Chordophones
Aerophones
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28
Q

Music of Latin America is the product of three major influences;

A

Indigenous, European, and African.

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29
Q

was largely functional in nature, being used for religious worship and ceremonies.

A

indigeneous latin american music

30
Q

Natives were found to be using local drum and percussion instruments such as the guiro, maracas, and turtle shells, and wind instruments such as zampona ( pan pipes) and quena (notched-end flutes).

A

Indigenous latin american music

31
Q

Materials came from hollow tree trunks, animal skins, fruit shells, dry seeds, jaguar claws, animal and human bones and especially-treated inflated eyes of tigers.

A

Indigenous latin american music

32
Q

African influence on Latin American music is most pronounced in its rich and varied rhythmic patterns produced by the drums and various percussion instruments.

A

afro-latin american music

33
Q

Melodies of the Renaissance period were used in Southern Chile and the Colombian Pacific coasts.

A

euro latin american

34
Q

Step-wise melodies were preferred in the heavily Hispanic and Moorish-influenced areas of Venezuela and Colombia

A

euro latin american

35
Q

what is the language of latin american music?

A

spanish and portugese

36
Q

what is the rhytmhn in latin american music

A

Repetitive bass rhythms

37
Q

what is the syncopation of latin american music?

A

weak rhytmic beats are accented

38
Q

what is the call and response in latin american music

A

2 or more musical parts that go back and forth in response to each other

39
Q

a song consists of 10 lines each having eight syllables

A

decima

40
Q

what is the characteristics of latin american music?

A 
Language
rhythm 
syncopation
call andresponse 
spanish decima
41
Q

dance form of African origins around 1838 which evolved into an African-Brazilian invention in the working class and slum districts of Rio de Janeiro.

A

samba

42
Q

Its lively rhythm, consisting of a meter but containing three steps each that create a feeling of a meter instead, was meant to be executed for singing, dancing, and parading in the carnival.

A

samba

43
Q

he most adventurous kind of samba

A

batucada

44
Q

Fusion of the popular music or “canciones” of Spain and the African rumba rhythms of Batu origin. Originating in Cuba, it is usually played with the tree (guitar), contrabass, bongos, maracas, and claves.

A

son

45
Q

has evolved from Cuban son and other genres as a popular of urban Carribean Hispanics. Developed in New York in the early 1970’s.

A

salsa

46
Q

Its style contains elements from the swing dance and hustle as well as the complex Afro-Cuban and Afro- Carribean dance forms of pachanga and guaguanco.

A

salsa

47
Q

originated in Colombia and Panama, popular courtship dance. It is popular in The andean Region in southern Cone

A

cumbia

48
Q

Evolved in Buenos Aires, Derived from Milonga a lively suggestive Argentinian dance, African origin meaning “African Dance”/from the Spanish word “Taner” meaning to play. Foremost Argentinian and Uruguayan urban popular song and dance.

A

tango

49
Q

Derived from mambo of Cuba and its characteristic rhythm.It was imported from Congo by Bassist, Israel “Cachao” Lopez and his brother pianist, Orestes of the Orquesta Radiofonica with El Danzon Mambo

A

chacha

50
Q

recreational dance of Afro-Cuban origin, normally used as a ballroom dance where a solo dancer or couple would be in an embrace though slightly apart.

A

rumba

51
Q

popularized in1950s and 1960s as a movement affecting a radical change in the classic Cuban samba. The word “bossa” means either ‘new trend’ or ‘something charming, integrating melody, harmony, and rhythm into a “swaying” feel, where the vocal production is often nasal.

A

bossa nova

52
Q

Foremost figure of the Bossanova is

A

Antonio Carlos Jobim

53
Q

popular music and dance style that originated in Jamaica in the mid 1960’s.music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento and calypso

A

reggae

54
Q

achieved international fame and acclaim because of his songs :No Woman, No Cry,

A

robert nesta “bob” marley

55
Q

developed in US in the 1920s , named after Harry Fox. It is similar to waltz, Gave rise to other dances such as the black bottom, Charleston and shimmy.

A

foxtrot

56
Q

“double step” is a theatrical Spanish dance used by the Spaniards in bullfights. The dance is arrogant and dignified with a duple meter, march-like character.

A

paso doble

57
Q

what are the vocal forms of latin american music?

A 
cumbia
tango 
chacha
rumba 
bossa nova 
reggae
foxtrot
paso doble
58
Q

what are the popular music in latin american?

A

samba
salsa
son

59
Q

s the music from 1800 to 1950. It is the most in line with the tastes and interest of the urban middle class, accessible to a wide audience. This would include an extremely wide range of music from vaudeville and minstrel shows to heavy metal.

A

popular music

60
Q

Different Forms Of Popular Music

A 
Ballad
Standard
Rock and Roll
Alternative Music
Disco
61
Q

any light, simple song, having two or more stanzas all sung to the same melody. It is usually sung or performed in romantic or sentimental emotion. It was originally a narrative folk song.

A

ballad

62
Q

is often synonymous with any love song

A

the term “ballad”

63
Q

Also known as Pop Standards or Jazz Standards are traditional compositions that originated from 1910s. The earliest standards in Broadway Hollywood show tunes.

A

standard

64
Q

With the advent of big band swing music in the mid 1930s, pop standards took the form of a more soothing performance style with such legendary crooners as Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby and Dean Martin, each backed by standard jazz orchestration.

A

standard

65
Q

genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and 1950s. It is combination of African – American genres such as blues, jump blues, jazz, and Western swing and country music.

A

rock and roll

66
Q

Proponents of this genre include Elvis Presley, Bill Haley and His Comets, The Beatles and the Beach Boys.

A

rock and roll

67
Q

an umbrella term for underground music that emerged in the punk rock movement during the mid- 90s. These Genre is considered to be rock, because some of influences have been folk music, reggae, electronic, and jazz , among others.

A

alternative music

68
Q

genre of dance- oriented pop music. It may be described as having soaring, reverberated vocals over a steady four-on-the-floor beat.

A

disco

69
Q

returned dancing to the forefront music. The genre emerged out of an urban subculture in the early 1970s.

A

disco

70
Q

the number one best- selling soundtrack of all time, turned disco into a mainstream music genre

A

saturday night fever

periodical test 2 (8 decks)

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