Historical

Question 1

Imperialism & colonialism

Answer 1

Imperialism: The practice, theory & attitude of a dominating metropolitan core over a distant territory

Colonialism: Territorial invasion & settlement

Question 2

19th century imperialism

Answer 2

B.Porter (1996) mid 19th Century Britain
-Rejected mercentilism (forced trade)
-Accepted free trade (competition)
•1880-1900s: Increase of imperialism
—> Sign of weakness, not strength. Britain fearful
Economics: Trade gap down, exports down, FDI down

Question 3

20th century imperialism

Answer 3

1914-20: Fluidity
-Empire united w/Britain for war
-Britain benefited from settlement: took Palestine, Persian Gulf states
•1920-39
-Nationalism in Egypt, India, Iraq
-British decline: Industrial ->Relief on empire for trade

Question 4

Post colonialism

Aimé Césaire

Answer 4

“They thought they were only slaughtering Indians, or Hindu’s, or south sea islanders, or Africans. They have in fact overthrown the romports behind which European civilisation could have developed freely”

Question 5

Franz Fenton

What does racism do to people?

Answer 5

• Infantilisation: subjects treated as children
• Deingration: Assume subjects are defective
• Distrust: Automatically distrust other races
• Ridicule, exclusion, violence

Question 6

Edward Said

Orientalism defined

Answer 6

1) Div of world into E&W
2) Institutions for studying the “East”
3) Institutions that dominated the orient
“The orient is the place of Europe’s greatest & richest & oldest colonies, the source of its civilisations & languages
•Orientalism expresses & represents that part culturally & even ideologically as a mode of discourse” (Said 1978)

Question 7

FOUCAULT

Institutions for the abnormal

Answer 7

Prisons (Foucault, 1977)
-The Panopticon (Jeremy Bentham 1791) “all seeing”
->make visible at all times, could not see the observer
•Asylums (F.1967 Madness & Civilisation)
-Madness as a threatening disease, opposite of enlightenment

Question 8

Governing the majority (Foucault)

Answer 8

How to govern the rest?
-Establish norms & use surveillance “at a distance” to regulate:
•Town plans: People living healthily (regulate urban space)
•Census: enough reproduction (regulate sexuality)
•Tax: people paying enough (regulate economy)
•Police: observing social codes (regulate public space)