histopathology Flashcards
what is atrophy
reduction in the size
what is hypertrophy
increase in the size of cells
hyperplasia
increase in number of cells
metaplasia
stable change to another cell type
pathological and physiological reason for hypertrophy
caused by myocardial infarction. or pregnancy within the uterus
pathological cause for hyperplasia
prostate nodules forming, wound healing
causes of atrophy
ageing of the thymus or the menopause in the ovaries. coeliacs disease also causes this
causes of metaplasia
puberty with the cervix and the vagina and smoking damaging the epithelial cells.
what are the 3 elements of putrefaction
disfiguration discolouration and dissolution
what are the 11 traits a good fixative has
toxicity, cost, ease of use, doesnt cause any mutations, stops any further decomposition and autolysis of tissue
ACE stands for
Alcohol Clearing Embedding
step one of ihc
wax removal and rehydration
step 2 of ihc
quenching of endogenous enzymes
step 3 of ihc
antigen retrieval via microwave and enzyme
step 4 of ihc
blocking with normal serum