Histopathology 1 Flashcards
What is found on a histopathology report?
Diagnostic information Prognostic information Information regarding management Feedback to other imaging and tests Benefits and adverse effects of treatment Incidental findings Specific questions answered
List some diagnostic information
Tumour type
Classification of GN
List some prognostic informtion
Tumour staging, Grading and biomarkers
What is essential for surgical specimens?
Fixation
How are surgical specimens fixed?
10% neutral buffered formalin
Which specimens are not fixed?
Frozen
Cytology
What does time for fixation/ time for processing depend on?
Size and tissue of specimen
Describe neoplasia on H &E
Increased nucleoli to cytoplasm ratio
Irregular nuclear marin - atypical mitoses
Irregular distribution and texture of chromatin - hyperchromasia
What is immunohistochemistry and why is it important?
Identifies specific proteins in tissue by using monoclonal antibodies
Important and useful in developing a differential diagnosis
Gives prognostic information and informs treatment
Which methods are used in immunohistochemistry?
Direct Method: is one step staining method where Ab is labelled with enzyme/fluoroscence
Indirect method
What is the importance of cytokeratins?
Different cytokeratins are expressed in different epithelia differently
Name some prognostic biomarkers
BRCA1
HER2 (worse prognosis)
Name some predictive biomarkers
Breast- ER, Her-2/new
these can predict response to specific interventions
