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Histopathology > Histopath & MT Laws > Flashcards

Histopath & MT Laws Flashcards

1
Q

What are the markers for epithelial tumors?

A

Cytokeratin (CK)
EMA (Epithelial Membrane Antigen)
CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen)
TTF-1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 1)
PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)

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2
Q

What are the common markers for germ cell tumors?

A

HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein)
PLAP (Placental Alkaline Phosphatase)

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3
Q

Which markers are used for neuroendocrine tumors?

A

NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase)
Chromogranin
Synaptophysin

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4
Q

What is Vimentin a marker for?

A

Vimentin is a marker for normal mesenchymal cells, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia, seminoma, and neural tumors.

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5
Q

What does PSA indicate?

A

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) is a marker for prostatic adenocarcinoma.

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6
Q

What is GFAP used to identify?

A

GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) is used to identify CNS glial cells (astrocytes).

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7
Q

Name a marker for smooth and striated muscle.

A

Desmin

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8
Q

What is the significance of EMA?

A

EMA (Epithelial Membrane Antigen) is significant for identifying breast, lung, and kidney cancers.

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9
Q

What are the intermediate filament markers?

A

Vimentin
Desmin
GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)

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10
Q

What does Vimentin indicate?

A

Vimentin is a marker for normal mesenchymal cells, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia, seminoma, and neural tumors.

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11
Q

What is Desmin a marker for?

A

smooth and striated muscle, and myogenic tumors such as leiomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.

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12
Q

What is GFAP used to identify?

A

GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) is used to identify CNS glial cells (astrocytes).

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13
Q

What are the common markers for germ cell tumors?

A

HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein)
PLAP (Placental Alkaline Phosphatase)

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14
Q

What is HCG a marker for?

A

Testicular Carcinoma
Hydatidiform mole
Choriocarcinoma
Gestation trophoblastic carcinoma

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15
Q

What does AFP indicate?

A

endodermal sinus tumors, embryonal carcinomas, teratoma and hepatocellular carcinoma

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16
Q

What is PLAP used for?

A

marker for germ cell tumors, such as seminomas and Germinomas

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17
Q

What are the markers used for neuroendocrine tumors?

A

NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase)
Chromogranin
Synaptophysin

18
Q

What does NSE indicate?

A

A: NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase) is a marker for neural or neuroendocrine differentiation.

19
Q

What is Chromogranin used for?

A

marker for neuroendocrine differentiation

20
Q

What is the significance of Synaptophysin?

A

marker for presynaptic vesicles of neurons and neuroendocrine cells.

21
Q

What tumors is Desmin associated with?

A

Desmin is associated with smooth and striated muscle tumors, including leiomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.

22
Q

What are the different types of biopsy specimens?

A

Incisional biopsy: removal of a portion of the lesion.
Excisional biopsy: removal of the entire lesion.
Needle biopsy: removal of tissue or fluid using a needle.
Endoscopic biopsy: removal of tissue using an endoscope.
Punch biopsy: removal of a small cylindrical piece of tissue using a punch tool

23
Q

What is an incisional biopsy?

A

removal of a portion of the lesion for examination

24
Q

What is an excisional biopsy?

A

removal of the entire lesion for examination.

25
Q

What is a needle biopsy?

A

removal of tissue or fluid using a needle for examination.

26
Q

What is a punch biopsy?

A

removal of a small cylindrical piece of tissue using a punch tool for examination.

27
Q

Color of Nuclei in Pap Stain

A

Blue

28
Q

Color of Acidophilic cells in Pap Stain

A

Red

29
Q

Color of Basophilic cells in Pap Stain

A

Blue Green

30
Q

Color of Erythrocytes in Pap Stain

A

Orange Red to Dark Pink

31
Q

Color of Keratin in Pap Stain

A

Orange Red

32
Q

Color of Superficial Cells in Pap Stain

A

Pink

33
Q

Color of Intermediate & Parabasal Cells in Pap Stain

A

Blue Green

34
Q

Color of Eosinophil Pap Stain

A

Orange Red

35
Q

Color of Candida in Pap Stain

A

Red

36
Q

Color of Trichomonas in Pap Stain

A

Gray Green

37
Q

Myogenic Tumor Markers

A

Actin, Desmin
Myo D1
Myoglobin
Myogenin

38
Q

Fibrohistiolytic Tumor Markers

A

CD68, FAM56
A1 antitrypsin
A1 antichymotrypsin

39
Q

Vascular Tumor Markers

A

CD31
FActor 7
Ulex Europaeous

40
Q

Melanoma MArkers

A

Melan A (Mart-1)
S100, HMB45 (mELANOSOME)

41
Q

Lymphoma Markers

A

LCA (Leukocyte Common Ag) - CD45
B Cells - CD 19, 20, 23
T cells - CD3, 4, 8
Reed Sternberg Cells - CD15, 30
Ig Light & Heavy Chains

Histopathology (2 decks)

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