Histopath & MT Laws Flashcards
What are the markers for epithelial tumors?
Cytokeratin (CK)
EMA (Epithelial Membrane Antigen)
CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen)
TTF-1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 1)
PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)
What are the common markers for germ cell tumors?
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein)
PLAP (Placental Alkaline Phosphatase)
Which markers are used for neuroendocrine tumors?
NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase)
Chromogranin
Synaptophysin
What is Vimentin a marker for?
Vimentin is a marker for normal mesenchymal cells, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia, seminoma, and neural tumors.
What does PSA indicate?
PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) is a marker for prostatic adenocarcinoma.
What is GFAP used to identify?
GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) is used to identify CNS glial cells (astrocytes).
Name a marker for smooth and striated muscle.
Desmin
What is the significance of EMA?
EMA (Epithelial Membrane Antigen) is significant for identifying breast, lung, and kidney cancers.
What are the intermediate filament markers?
Vimentin
Desmin
GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)
What does Vimentin indicate?
Vimentin is a marker for normal mesenchymal cells, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia, seminoma, and neural tumors.
What is Desmin a marker for?
smooth and striated muscle, and myogenic tumors such as leiomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.
What is GFAP used to identify?
GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) is used to identify CNS glial cells (astrocytes).
What are the common markers for germ cell tumors?
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein)
PLAP (Placental Alkaline Phosphatase)
What is HCG a marker for?
Testicular Carcinoma
Hydatidiform mole
Choriocarcinoma
Gestation trophoblastic carcinoma
What does AFP indicate?
endodermal sinus tumors, embryonal carcinomas, teratoma and hepatocellular carcinoma
What is PLAP used for?
marker for germ cell tumors, such as seminomas and Germinomas
What are the markers used for neuroendocrine tumors?
NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase)
Chromogranin
Synaptophysin
What does NSE indicate?
A: NSE (Neuron-Specific Enolase) is a marker for neural or neuroendocrine differentiation.
What is Chromogranin used for?
marker for neuroendocrine differentiation
What is the significance of Synaptophysin?
marker for presynaptic vesicles of neurons and neuroendocrine cells.
What tumors is Desmin associated with?
Desmin is associated with smooth and striated muscle tumors, including leiomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.
What are the different types of biopsy specimens?
Incisional biopsy: removal of a portion of the lesion.
Excisional biopsy: removal of the entire lesion.
Needle biopsy: removal of tissue or fluid using a needle.
Endoscopic biopsy: removal of tissue using an endoscope.
Punch biopsy: removal of a small cylindrical piece of tissue using a punch tool
What is an incisional biopsy?
removal of a portion of the lesion for examination
What is an excisional biopsy?
removal of the entire lesion for examination.
What is a needle biopsy?
removal of tissue or fluid using a needle for examination.
What is a punch biopsy?
removal of a small cylindrical piece of tissue using a punch tool for examination.
Color of Nuclei in Pap Stain
Blue
Color of Acidophilic cells in Pap Stain
Red
Color of Basophilic cells in Pap Stain
Blue Green
Color of Erythrocytes in Pap Stain
Orange Red to Dark Pink
Color of Keratin in Pap Stain
Orange Red
Color of Superficial Cells in Pap Stain
Pink
Color of Intermediate & Parabasal Cells in Pap Stain
Blue Green
Color of Eosinophil Pap Stain
Orange Red
Color of Candida in Pap Stain
Red
Color of Trichomonas in Pap Stain
Gray Green
Myogenic Tumor Markers
Actin, Desmin
Myo D1
Myoglobin
Myogenin
Fibrohistiolytic Tumor Markers
CD68, FAM56
A1 antitrypsin
A1 antichymotrypsin
Vascular Tumor Markers
CD31
FActor 7
Ulex Europaeous
Melanoma MArkers
Melan A (Mart-1)
S100, HMB45 (mELANOSOME)
Lymphoma Markers
LCA (Leukocyte Common Ag) - CD45
B Cells - CD 19, 20, 23
T cells - CD3, 4, 8
Reed Sternberg Cells - CD15, 30
Ig Light & Heavy Chains
