Histology Slydes

Question 1

Omentum Majus AgNO3

Answer 1

Simple squamous epithelium. The omentum consists of a wide flat layer of connective tissue situated between two serous membranes. The epithelial cells of serosa (mesothelial cells) are flat, polygonal and covered with short microvilli. The nuclei are not stained.

Question 2

Glandula Thyroidea HE

Answer 2

Simple cuboidal epithelium. The simple cuboidal epithelium covers the walls of the thyroid gland follicles.

Question 3

Small Intestine HE

Answer 3

Simple columnar epithelium is found in the mucosa which is characterized by villi. The surface of of the villi is covered with tall cylindrical cells, lying close to the basal membrane with basalla situated nuclei.

Question 4

Trachea HE

Answer 4

Pseudostratified epithelium covers a large part of the respiratory tract. All cells are in contact with the basal membrane, but they differ in height, this is why cell nuclei usually lie in 3 different levels. The nuclei represent the 3 cellular types: basal, goblet cells, and ciliated columnar cells.

Question 5

Ureter HE

Answer 5

Transitioinal epithelium. 3 layers: basal layer of round shaped cells. Intermediate layer comprised of cells in the shape of a tennisrocket. Surface layer where the cells are umbrella shaped.

Question 6

Esophagus HE

Answer 6

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized. Several layers, but only one is in close contact with the basal membrane. Shape of the cells in the basal layer is cylindrical. cells in the upper layer are polygonal and cells in the surface layer are flat.

Question 7

Cornea HE

Answer 7

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized. 3 of 5 layers seen under microscope: basal layer with tall and prism-shaped cells, Intermediate layer with flatten-shaped cells, surface layer with cells 10xlenght than width.

Question 8

Hairless Skin HE

Answer 8

• stratified squamous keratinized epithelium consists of one layer of columnar cells (Stratum basale), several layers of polygonal cells (Stratum spinosum), covered by one row of cells which contain keratohyaline granules in their cytoplasm (Stratum granulosum), then the lucidum layer (Stratum lucidum, „sparkling“) with the substance eleidin and the surface layer (Stratum corneum) which ha- ve the sclero protein keratin in their cytoplasm present but no nuclei or cell organelles.

Question 9

Intestinum tenue mucicarmine

Answer 9

• mucous membrane consisting of simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells in between
• invagination of epithelium forms simple tubular glands called „intestinal glands of Lieberkuhn“ which consst of pink-red coloured goblet cells

Question 10

Intestinum crassum HE

Answer 10

• simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells
• straight tubular glands are crypts of „Lieberkuhn“ which extend down to the muslces of the colon and present a great abundance of goblet and absorptive cells

Question 11

Glandula parotis HE

Answer 11

exocrine, multicellular, branched acinar gland composed of serous acinar cells
- form spherical units with lumen in the center

Question 12

Glandula submandibularis HE

Answer 12

branched, multicellular, tubular acinar gland with both serous and mucous cells

• serous cells contain secretory granules near to the top of the cell and around nucleus
• muscous cells cuboidal in shape, nuclei are pushed to the base of the cells
• serous cells predominate!

Question 13

Glandula sublingualis HE

Answer 13

branched, multicellular, tubular acinar gland with both serous and mucous cells
- mucous cells predominate!

Question 14

Pancreas HE

Answer 14

• multicellular mixed exocrine and endocrine gland

- exocrine part consists of serous acini glands while the endocrine part is represented by the islets of Langerhans

Question 15

Placenta HE

Answer 15

• chorion villi composed of mucous connective tissue
• covering layers called trophoblasts with the external syn- citiotrophoblast and the iternal cytotrophoblast
• inside capillaries with Erythrocytes visible as well as fi- bers (kind unrecognizable) and mesenchymal cells

Question 16

Umbilical cord HE

Answer 16

Tiny collagen fibrils compose a network among which fibroblasts with triangluar or spindle shape are found. Amorphus matter, perceding the formation of the extracellular matrix can be found in the extracellular space.

Question 17

Hypoderma HE

Answer 17

The loose connective tissue has 2 types of fibers - collagen and elastic.
The collagen fibers are thick and they cross in different directions. The elastic fibers are thin and wave-like. Variable cellular elements are seen: fibroblasts, fibrocytes, macrophages, plasmocytes, mastocytes.

Question 18

Tendon Van Gison

Answer 18

tendon composed of parallelly oriented collagen bundles - some fibroblasts visible
- tendon reddish and striated muscle in yellow

Question 19

Aorta Orcein

Answer 19

The tunica media of the aorta is comprised of circularly orientated elastic membranes. On the cross section the membranes are seen as interrupted circles formed by parallel brown wave-like lines.

Question 20

Lymph node AgNO3

Answer 20

The reticular connective tissue forms the delicate supporting network of lymph nodes, endocrine glands and the liver. a drakly stained frame of reticular fibers is well distinguished. In some spaces ghost-like, small round cells (probably lymphocytes) are seen

Question 21

Trachea HE

Answer 21

lumen lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with numerous goblet cells

• to the bottom of the slide is hyaline cartilage which keeps lumen patent
• area between is epichondrium

Question 22

Epiglottis Orcein

Answer 22

oral surface lined with stratified squamous non-keratini- zed epithelium and laryngeal surface lined with pseudo- stratified columnar ciliated epithelium
- elastic cartilage embedded in the wall, elastic fibers vi- sible

Question 23

Bone Schmorl staining

Answer 23

Numerus haversian systems seen
- outer and inner circumferential and interstitial lamellae - osteon consists of lamellae, central blood capillary and many osteocytes

Question 24

Bloodfilm wright giemsa

Answer 24

The following blood cells can be observed:
erythrocytes (red cells)
leukocytes (white cells)
GRANULOCYTES:
neutrophils 55-60%
eosinophils 13%
Basophils 0.5-1%
AGRANULOCYTES
lymphocytes 25-33%
monocytes 4-5%
Platelets-thrombocytes

Question 25

Tongue HE

Answer 25

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. Under the epithelium, different types (serous, mucous and mixed) of glandular acini are seen.
Endomysium between the muscle fibers.
the muscle cells are surruonded by connective tissue - the perimysium.
The nuclei of endothelial, schwann, and connective tissue cells are evident as black dots in the perimysium.
Nuclei of satellite cells are present - external to the muscle fibers.

Question 26

Tongue FeH

Answer 26

• muscle fibers extremely long with uniform diameter and striations visible as wells as their multiple nuclei
• intercellular space occupied by endomysium

Question 27

Heart HE

Answer 27

Each muscle cells posseses a large, centrally located nuclei, oval nucleus. The intercalated discs indicating intercellular junctions between two cardiac muscle cells can be seen as dark lines.
The numerous smaller nuclei in the intercellular areas belong to the endothelial and connective tissue cells.
cross-sections of myfibrils are recognizable as numerous small dots of varying diameters within the sarcoplasm.
Purkinje fibers are visible between the muscle cells. they are oval, larger in diameter, with light cytoplasm and often contain two nuclei.

Question 28

Small intestine HE

Answer 28

Simple columnar epithelium. Deep to the connective tissue the two smooth muscle layers - longitudinal and circular can be seen - composing the middle coat of the small intestine.
Cells of the longitudinal section are centrally located with elongated nuclei.

Question 29

Cerebrum HE, AgNO3

Answer 29

The cortex of the cerebrum consists of 6 layers of cells with pyramidal, stellate, fusiform, and granular shaped cell bodies.
In Ag impergnation the neuroglial cells are seen.
Protoplasmic astrocytes are found mainly in the grey matter among the nerve cell bodies with shorter, thicker and more branched processes than those of fibrous astrocytes.
Fibrous astrocytes are found in the white matter.
The 6 layers are:
- molecular layer with numerous fibers and few neurons
- external granular layer with small granule cells.
- external pyramidal layer with pyramidal cells and some granule cells.
- internal granular layer with granule cells
- internal pyramidal layer with large pyramidal cells
- multiformlayer with various cells
all cells contain glial cells.

Question 30

Cerebellum HE, AgNO3

Answer 30

The cortex of the cerebellum is sub-divided into 3 layers: - molecular layer with prominent dendritic trees of purkinje cells, basket cells, and stellate cells.

• middle purkinje cell layer with dendritic trees.
• inner granular layer with small granule cells and larger Golgi type 2 cell.

Question 31

Medulla spinalis HE, AgNO3

Answer 31

Grey matter is seen as an H-shaped pillar with anterior and posterior horns and grey commissure.
The central canal of the spinal cord passes through the grey commissure.
The nerves of the anterior horn are multipolar motoneurons.
They have a large nucleus, dense nucleoulus and Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm.
The white matter is composed of nerve fibers, most of which are myelinated, that travel up and down the cord.

Question 32

Peripheral nerve Azan, OsO4

Answer 32

Nerves have an external fibrous coat of dense connective tissue called EPINEURIUM which also fills the space between the bundles of nerve fibers.
Each bundle is surrounded by the PERINEURIUM, a sleeve formed by layers of flattened epithelium-like cells.
Within the perinerial sheath run the Schwann-cell-ensheated axons and their enveloping connective tissue, the ENDONEURIUM.
The endoneurium consists of a thin layer of reticular fibers of the peripheral nervous system the plasmalemma of the covering Schwann cell winds and wraps around the axon.
The layers of membranes of the sheath cell unite and form MYELIN, a lipoprotein complex, which consists of many layers of modified cell membranes.

Question 33

Ganglion Spinale HE

Answer 33

Ganglia are ovoid structures containing neuronal cell bodies and glial cells supported by connective tissue.
The ganglia are sensory ganglia and autonomic.
The sensory ganglia comprise large pseudounipolar neurons surrounded by abundant small glial cells called satellite cells. A connective tissue framework and capsule support the ganglion cells.

Question 34

Cutis HE

Answer 34

In the Hypoderma, we can see the Pacinian capsule. Each corpuscle is ovoid, with cylindrical core of unmyelinated nerve surrounded by numerous concentric lamellae composes of 20-70 layers of flattened fibroblasts alternating with thin collagen fibers.