Histology Pt 2 Flashcards
What are the two types of matrix? Describe them.
- Ground substance: background material in which the cells are embedded
- Protein fibers: lie within or embedded in ground substance
Connective tissue is said to be widely spaced and separated by matrix. What is matrix?
The intercellular substance that both surrounds and is secreted by cells of connective tissues, with the exception of blood.
What are the subcomponents of ground substance?
i. amorphous: no specific shape, liquid or semiliquid
ii. structural: very definite shape
What are the subcomponents of protein substance?
i. collagen bundles: look like pink, smeared lines
ii. elastic fibers: appear as distinct, dark lines
iii. reticular fibers: small
How do we name Connective Tissue cells?
Often, the name ends in “cyte.”
What are examples of connective tissue?
Areolar connective tissue, Adipose tissue, Blood, Bone, Hyaline Cartilage, Fibrocartilage, Elastic Cartilage
What connective tissue includes macrophages, fibroblasts, monocytes, and mast cells, and has a lot of collagen fibers and elastic fibers?
Areolar Connective Tissue
What type of tissue has a fat storage vacuole where fat is stored, and when it is full the organelles are pushed to the side, giving the cell a class ring appearance?
Adipose
What is the type of cell within the adipose tissue?
Adipocyte
What is a mature Adipocyte cell (one filled with fat) called?
Signet Ring Cell
What does adipose tissue look like?
Chicken wire
What is a liquid tissue that is responsible for circulating oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body, and for protecting the body against invaders?
Blood
What are the two main cell types found in blood? Describe them.
Erythrocytes: red blood cells; small, great in number, anucleate
Leukocytes: white blood cells; larger, but few in number, have a nucleus
What is Matrix?
Plasma (not secreted by blood cells)
What are platelets (thrombocytes)?
Cell fragments involved in clotting (note that platelets are not true cells)
What is osseus tissue?
Bone
Osseus Tissue (Bone) What is the region where blood vessels pass through the bone?
Central canal
Osseus Tissue (Bone) What is the fluid-filled cavity where you find the bone cells?
Lacunae
Osseus Tissue (Bone) What is the bone cell?
Osteocyte
Osseus Tissue (Bone) What is the matrix?
Lamellae
Osseus Tissue (Bone) What are the hair-like canals from the lacunae to the central canal that allow osteocytes to get nutrients?
Canaliculi
What does cartilage do?
Provides flexibility and support
What are the three types of cartilage?
- Hyaline Cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic Cartilage
What is the job of hyaline cartilage?
Offers equal flexibility and support
What does the hyaline cartilage look like? Describe.
The matrix does not have any fibers and looks smooth. The hyaline cartilage cell is called a chondrocyte and is found in a lacunae (a space or sack in the matrix).
It is found in the ribs and nose.
What is the job of the Fibrocartilage?
More support and less flexibility
Where can you find Fibrocartilage? What does it look like?
In between the vertebrae in the back.
Collagen fibers give it a streaky look.
The cell is still the chondrocyte and is found in the lacunae.
What is the job of elastic cartilage?
Makes the tissue more flexible and less strong
Where can you find elastic cartilage?
In the auricle of the ear (outer ear)
What is a special part of the elastic cartilage? What does it do?
Perichondrium: supplies blood to cartilage
