Chapter One: Introduction, Orientation and Surface Anatomy Flashcards
What is the Frontal/Coronal plane?
cutting the body in half (front and back) from the right to the left
What are the four planes of the human anatomy and what do they look like?
- Frontal/Coronal: cutting the body in half (front and back) from the right to the left
- Parasaggital-Dextro/sinistro: uneven up and down the body (left and right)
- Mid-Saggital: straight up and down the middle of the body (left and right)
- Transverse: cutting the body in half (top and bottom)
What is the Parasaggital-Dextro/sinistro plane?
uneven up and down the body (left and right)
What is the Mid-Saggital plane?
straight up and down the middle of the body (left and right)
What is the Transverse plane?
cutting the body in half (top and bottom)
Cervical
Neck area
Coxal
Hip
Popliteal
Back of knee
Crural
Back of calf
Palmar
Palm
Antebrachial
Forearm
Nuchal
Back of neck
Inguinal
Groin
Brachial
Arm
Gluteal
Buttock
Sternal
Chest
Calcaneal
Heel
Ventral
Toward the front or belly
Dorsal
Toward the back or spine
Anterior
Toward the ventral (front/belly) side
Posterior
Toward the dorsal (back/spine) side
Cephalic
Toward the head or superior end
Rostral
Toward the forehead or nose
Caudal
Toward the tail or inferior end
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Medial
Toward the median plane
Lateral
Away from the median plane
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment or origin
Distal
Farther from the point of attachment or origin
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body
Contralateral
On opposite sides of the body
Superficial
Closer to the body surface
Deep
Farther from the body surface
What is the anatomical position?
- body is erect
- eyes directed forward
- palms are supine (facing forward)
- feet are flat on the floor
What is the dorsal cavity? It is divided into 2 smaller cavities; what are they?
The dorsal cavity holds the central nervous system.
The two smaller cavities are the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity.
What is the ventral cavity? It has three smaller cavities and two more subcavities within one; what are they?
The ventral cavity holds most of the other body organs.
The three cavities are thoracic cavity (pleural and pericardial within), abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity.
What is in the cranial cavity?
Brain, eyes
What is in the vertebral cavity?
Spine
What is in the thoracic cavity?
Heart and lungs
What is in the abdominal cavity?
Stomach, intestines
What is in the pelvic cavity?
Reproductive organs
What is in the buccal cavity?
Urethra, gall bladder
What are the four quadrants of the abdomen?
Left upper quadrant, right upper quadrant, lower left quadrant, lower right quadrant
Note: these quadrants are from the perspective of the SUBJECT, not the reader, so they are swapped on paper–think theatre stage.
What are the nine abdominopelvic regions? From right (theatre/subject perspective) to left by column?
Right hypochondriac region, Right lumbar region, Right inguinal region
Epigastric region, Umbilical region, Hypogastric region
Left hypochondriac region, Left lumbar region, Left inguinal region
The abdominopelvic regions have four dividing lines. Name them and their positions.
Subcoastal line (between hypochondriac regions and lumbar regions) Intertubercular line (between lumbar regions and inguinal regions) Midclavicular lines (2 lines between the three columns)
