Histology pics

Question 1

Name the appearance, function and location of simple squamous epithelia

Answer 1

Appearance- single layer of flat cells. Disc shaped nucleus and little cytoplasm

Function- allows passage of material by diffusion, osmosis and filtration, secretes lubricating substances

Where is it found? - kidneys, lung (lines alveoli allowing diffusion of O2 and CO2) and body cavity

Question 2

Name the appearance, function and location of simple cuboidal epithelia

Answer 2

Appearance-single layer of cube-like cells. Central large spherical nuclei

Function-secretion and absorption

Where is it found?-Kidney tubule, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

Question 3

Name the appearance, function and location of simple columnar epithelia

Answer 3

Appearance- Single layer of tall cell, round/oval nuclei, some cells have cilia, layer may also contain goblet cells

Function- absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substances, ciliated type move mucus (or reproductive cells)

Where is it found?- Digestive tract (stomach and anal canal), 
gall bladder, 
excretory ducts of some glands, 
ciliated cells that line bronchi, 
uterine tubes and parts of uterus.

Question 4

Of the cells listed, which is the only supporting cell of the PNS?

A) Astrocyte

B) Microglial cell

C) Schwann cell

D) Ependyma

E) Oligodendrocyte

Answer 4

C) Schwann Cells

Question 5

What type of epithelium is found in the oesophagus?

a) Simple Squamous
b) Simple columnar
c) Non-keratinised Stratified Squamous
d) Simple Cuboidal
e) Transitional epithelium

Answer 5

C- Non-keratinised stratified squamous

Question 6

What type of epithelium is found in the trachea?
A- Simple Squamous
B-Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelia
C- Simple Cuboidal epithelia
D- Pseudostratified squamous epithelia
E- Transitional

Answer 6

D- Pseudo Stratified

Question 7

What type of epithelia is found in the stomach/small intestine/ large intestine?
A- Simple Squamous
B-Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelia
C- Simple Columnar epithelia
D- Pseudostratified squamous epithelia
E- Transitional

Answer 7

C- Simple Columnar Epithelia (produce mucous)

Question 8

What type of epithelia lines the bladder?

Answer 8

Transitional epithelia

It allows for stretching changing cells from simple cuboidal to simple squamous epithelia.

Question 9

What type of epithelia is found in the kidney tubules?
A- Simple Squamous
B- Simple columnar epithelia
C- Simple Cuboidal epithelia
D- Pseudostratified squamous epithelia
E-  Transitional

Answer 9

C- Simple Cuboidal Epithelia

Function: secretion and absorption

Question 10

What type of epithelia lines the lungs/bronchi/uterine tubes/uterus etc.?

A- Simple Squamous
B-Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelia
C- Ciliated simple columnar epithelia
D- Pseudostratified squamous epithelia
E-  Transitional

Answer 10

C- Ciliated simple columnar epithelia

Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus

Question 11

What type of epithelia lines the digestive tract (alimentary canal)?
A- Non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium
B-Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelia
C- Ciliated simple columnar epithelia
D- Pseudostratified squamous epithelia
E- Transitional

Answer 11

A- Non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus

Question 12

What is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelia?
A- mucous secretion
B- Protection
C- Absorption 
D- Stretching

Answer 12

B- Protection
Location: Largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary
glands

Question 13

Why are nuclei in adipocytes located peripherally?

Answer 13

Pushed to the periphery by the dense fat droplet

Question 14

Hibernating mammals and human infants some of the fat has a granular cytoplasm? What type of adipocyte is it? What is the significance of this?
A- White (unilocular) fat
B- Brown (multilocular fat)

Answer 14

B- Brown (multilocular) fat
The fat type is ‘brown fat’ or brown adipocytes and it is granular because the cells contain multilocular fat droplets and large amounts of mitochondria involved in ‘non-shivering’ thermogenesis (prevents hypothermia).

When mitochondria produce ATP. ATP breakdown release some heat energy causing the prevention of hypothermia

Question 15

When sarcomeres contract which one of these gets shorter?
A- A-band
B- I- band
C- Z-line 
D- H-zone

Answer 15

B- I-band

A- A- band don’t get shorter they only pull on the Actin filaments which form the I-band. Thus myosin does’t change length
C- Z-line don’t get shorter however they do get closer together
D- H-zone don’t get shorter however it does get smaller