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Digestion and Metabolism - Wk 1 - Friday > histology, physiology of prehension and mastication > Flashcards

histology, physiology of prehension and mastication Flashcards

1
Q

what structures of the oral cavity are involved in mastication

A
  • teeth and jaws
  • gingiva and oral mucosa
  • salivary glands and saliva
  • masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint
  • tongue
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2
Q

lining mucosa

A

vestibular mucosa and sublingual mucosa

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3
Q

where is masticatory mucosa

A

gingiva and palate

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4
Q

specialized mucosa

A

dorsal surface of the tongue

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5
Q

surface epithelium

A

keratinized or parakeratinized stratified epithelium or non-keratinized epithelium

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6
Q

lamina propria

A

connective tissue layer of the epithelium

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7
Q

submucosa

A

connective tissue
* supports minor salivary glands, muscles and vessels and nerves
* determines the flexibility

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8
Q

where is non-keratinized epithelium

A

buccal and sublingual mucosa

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9
Q

what are the layers of the non-keratinized epithelium

A
  • basal layer cell
  • prickle cell layer
  • intermediate cell layer
  • superficial cell layer
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10
Q

keratinized/parakeratinized epithelium

A

hard palate and gingiva

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11
Q

what are the layers of the keratinized epithelium

A
  • basal layer
  • prickle cell layer
  • granular cell layer
  • keratinized
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12
Q

what is the papillary layer of lamina propria

A

interdigitates with epithelial pegs and has capillary loops close to the epithelial basement membrane

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13
Q

what is the reticular layer of the lamina propria

A

small vessels and bundles of collagen, transition to the underlying submucosa

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14
Q

what cells are in the lamina propria

A
  • fibroblasts and inflammatory cells
  • macrophages and mast cells
  • collagen and elastin
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15
Q

does the gingiva have submucosa

A

no - epithelial layer attached to the periosteal surface

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16
Q

what is the outer surface of the gingiva

A

keratinized or parakeratinized epithelium - free and attached gingiva

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17
Q

what is the inner surface of the gingiva

A

non-keratinized stratified epithelium

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18
Q

are there collagen fibers in the gingiva

A

no

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19
Q

what is periodontal tissues

A
  • tissues that anchor the tooth to the alveolar bone
  • gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and cementum
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20
Q

what happens in failure of periodontal tissues

A

loose tooth and this affects mastication

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21
Q

proprioception of the periodontal ligament and teeth involved in ____

A

mastication (pressure)

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22
Q

what is the periodontal ligament

A
  • collagen I
  • fibroblasts
  • fibers in different directions
  • cushion function during mastication
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23
Q

sharpey’s fibers

A

collagen fibers embedded in the cementum or bone

24
Q

incisor teeth

A

grab food

25
Q

canines

A

hold the prey and lacerate flesh

26
Q

premolar and molar in carnivores

A
  • catching and holding prey
  • carnassial teeth (maxillary PM4, and manibular M1): cut skin and meat
  • mastication: molar grind food
27
Q

premolar and molar in horses and ruminants

A
  • ruminats do not have maxillary incisor teeth
  • all premolar and molar work as a functional unit - chew and grind food
28
Q

where are odontoblasts

A

in periphery of the pulp

29
Q

what is produced by odontoblasts that later mineralized to form dentin

A

predentin

30
Q

what type of mucosa is on the dorsal surface of the tongue

A

specialized mucosa

31
Q

what kind of mucosa is on the ventral surface of the tongue

A

non-keratinized epithelium

32
Q

conical papillae

A

mechanical and tactile

33
Q

filiform papillae

A

mechanical and tactile

34
Q

fungiform papillae

A

mushroom shape and taste buds

35
Q

vallate (circumvallate) papillae

A
  • 4-6
  • delimit oral cavity from oropharynx
  • taste buds
36
Q

foliate papillae

A
  • lateral surface of the tongue
  • taste buds
37
Q

lingual nerve

A

sensory 2/3 mucosa

38
Q

chorda tympani (facial nerve)

A

mechanoreceptor and thermoreceptor and taste

39
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve

A

caudal 1/3 tongue and taste

40
Q

hypoglossal nerve

A

motor nerve, innervates the musculature

41
Q

functions of tongue

A
  • food prehension
  • lap water
  • mastication
  • swallowing
42
Q

parotid salivary gland

A

serous secretions (high content in water and electrolytes and protein)

43
Q

sublingual, mandibular and zygomatic salivary gland

only carnivores

A

mixed secretions (serous and mucoid)

44
Q

how are salivary glands stimulated

A

stimulation of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves by food or anticipation of food, chewing, and stimulation of the taste buds

45
Q

tubuloaccinar glands

A
  • secretion of the glandular epithelium is modified when is flowing through the ducts
  • rate of production of saliva affects the composition
46
Q

what are the components of saliva

A
  • water
  • electrolytes
  • proteins: amylase and lipasem lysozyme and lactoferrin
  • mucin
  • pH: 8.5-9
47
Q

what electrolytes are in saliva

A
  • sodium
  • bicarbonate
  • potassium
  • calcium
  • phosphorus
48
Q

what do electrolytes do in saliva

A
  • initial conc. similar to extracellular fluid
  • the sodium actively absorbed in ducts and potassium passively excreted in ducts, then chloride absorbed passively
  • high conc. of bicarbonate
49
Q

what happens when you chew longer

electrolytes

A

higher concentrations in bicarbonate to neutralize the acids

50
Q

what do ruminants have higher concentrations of

electrolytes

A

bicarbonate phosphate to neutralize acids from fermentation

51
Q

what are the functions of saliva

A
  • lubricate
  • protect
  • immunologic, antimicrobial, and cleansing
  • taste sensation and digestion
  • transportation of the food bolus
  • buffer
52
Q

what muscles open the mouth and its innervation

A
  • masseter
  • temporalis
  • pterygoid
  • innervated by trigeminal nerve
53
Q

what muscle closes the mouth and innervation

A

digastricus
* rostral belly: trigeminal n
* caudal belly: facial n

54
Q

horses - temporomandibular joint and manibular movements

A

cyclic movement of the manible in figure 8 - chew more on one side than other

55
Q

dogs mastication movement

A

dorsoventral movement of jaw (opening and closing) and very slight lateral movement

56
Q

cats mastication movement

A

only dorsoventral movement

57
Q

what are the three phases of movement of the mandible - equine

A
  • opening stroke (1-4): mandible drops and moves laterally
  • closing stroke (5-6): manible up and close
  • power stroke (7-10): some contact of the teethin both sides bit major pressure on one side and then transffered to other

Digestion and Metabolism - Wk 1 - Friday (2 decks)

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