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Digestion and Metabolism - Wk 1 - Friday > histology, physiology of prehension and mastication > Flashcards

histology, physiology of prehension and mastication Flashcards

1
Q

what structures of the oral cavity are involved in mastication

A
  • teeth and jaws
  • gingiva and oral mucosa
  • salivary glands and saliva
  • masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint
  • tongue
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2
Q

lining mucosa

A

vestibular mucosa and sublingual mucosa

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3
Q

where is masticatory mucosa

A

gingiva and palate

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4
Q

specialized mucosa

A

dorsal surface of the tongue

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5
Q

surface epithelium

A

keratinized or parakeratinized stratified epithelium or non-keratinized epithelium

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6
Q

lamina propria

A

connective tissue layer of the epithelium

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7
Q

submucosa

A

connective tissue
* supports minor salivary glands, muscles and vessels and nerves
* determines the flexibility

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8
Q

where is non-keratinized epithelium

A

buccal and sublingual mucosa

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9
Q

what are the layers of the non-keratinized epithelium

A
  • basal layer cell
  • prickle cell layer
  • intermediate cell layer
  • superficial cell layer
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10
Q

keratinized/parakeratinized epithelium

A

hard palate and gingiva

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11
Q

what are the layers of the keratinized epithelium

A
  • basal layer
  • prickle cell layer
  • granular cell layer
  • keratinized
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12
Q

what is the papillary layer of lamina propria

A

interdigitates with epithelial pegs and has capillary loops close to the epithelial basement membrane

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13
Q

what is the reticular layer of the lamina propria

A

small vessels and bundles of collagen, transition to the underlying submucosa

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14
Q

what cells are in the lamina propria

A
  • fibroblasts and inflammatory cells
  • macrophages and mast cells
  • collagen and elastin
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15
Q

does the gingiva have submucosa

A

no - epithelial layer attached to the periosteal surface

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16
Q

what is the outer surface of the gingiva

A

keratinized or parakeratinized epithelium - free and attached gingiva

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17
Q

what is the inner surface of the gingiva

A

non-keratinized stratified epithelium

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18
Q

are there collagen fibers in the gingiva

A

no

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19
Q

what is periodontal tissues

A
  • tissues that anchor the tooth to the alveolar bone
  • gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and cementum
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20
Q

what happens in failure of periodontal tissues

A

loose tooth and this affects mastication

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21
Q

proprioception of the periodontal ligament and teeth involved in ____

A

mastication (pressure)

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22
Q

what is the periodontal ligament

A
  • collagen I
  • fibroblasts
  • fibers in different directions
  • cushion function during mastication
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23
Q

sharpey’s fibers

A

collagen fibers embedded in the cementum or bone

24
Q

incisor teeth

25
canines
hold the prey and lacerate flesh
26
premolar and molar in carnivores
* catching and holding prey * carnassial teeth (maxillary PM4, and manibular M1): cut skin and meat * mastication: molar grind food
27
premolar and molar in horses and ruminants
* ruminats do not have maxillary incisor teeth * all premolar and molar work as a functional unit - chew and grind food
28
where are odontoblasts
in periphery of the pulp
29
what is produced by odontoblasts that later mineralized to form dentin
predentin
30
what type of mucosa is on the dorsal surface of the tongue
specialized mucosa
31
what kind of mucosa is on the ventral surface of the tongue
non-keratinized epithelium
32
conical papillae
mechanical and tactile
33
filiform papillae
mechanical and tactile
34
fungiform papillae
mushroom shape and taste buds
35
vallate (circumvallate) papillae
* 4-6 * delimit oral cavity from oropharynx * taste buds
36
foliate papillae
* lateral surface of the tongue * taste buds
37
lingual nerve
sensory 2/3 mucosa
38
chorda tympani (facial nerve)
mechanoreceptor and thermoreceptor and taste
39
glossopharyngeal nerve
caudal 1/3 tongue and taste
40
hypoglossal nerve
motor nerve, innervates the musculature
41
functions of tongue
* food prehension * lap water * mastication * swallowing
42
parotid salivary gland
serous secretions (high content in water and electrolytes and protein)
43
sublingual, mandibular and zygomatic salivary gland | only carnivores
mixed secretions (serous and mucoid)
44
how are salivary glands stimulated
stimulation of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves by food or anticipation of food, chewing, and stimulation of the taste buds
45
tubuloaccinar glands
* secretion of the glandular epithelium is modified when is flowing through the ducts * rate of production of saliva affects the composition
46
what are the components of saliva
* water * electrolytes * proteins: amylase and lipasem lysozyme and lactoferrin * mucin * pH: 8.5-9
47
what electrolytes are in saliva
* sodium * bicarbonate * potassium * calcium * phosphorus
48
what do electrolytes do in saliva
* initial conc. similar to extracellular fluid * the sodium actively absorbed in ducts and potassium passively excreted in ducts, then chloride absorbed passively * high conc. of bicarbonate
49
what happens when you chew longer | electrolytes
higher concentrations in bicarbonate to neutralize the acids
50
what do ruminants have higher concentrations of | electrolytes
bicarbonate phosphate to neutralize acids from fermentation
51
what are the functions of saliva
* lubricate * protect * immunologic, antimicrobial, and cleansing * taste sensation and digestion * transportation of the food bolus * buffer
52
what muscles open the mouth and its innervation
* masseter * temporalis * pterygoid * innervated by trigeminal nerve
53
what muscle closes the mouth and innervation
digastricus * rostral belly: trigeminal n * caudal belly: facial n
54
horses - temporomandibular joint and manibular movements
cyclic movement of the manible in figure 8 - chew more on one side than other
55
dogs mastication movement
dorsoventral movement of jaw (opening and closing) and very slight lateral movement
56
cats mastication movement
only dorsoventral movement
57
what are the three phases of movement of the mandible - equine
* opening stroke (1-4): mandible drops and moves laterally * closing stroke (5-6): manible up and close * power stroke (7-10): some contact of the teethin both sides bit major pressure on one side and then transffered to other

Digestion and Metabolism - Wk 1 - Friday (2 decks)

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