Histology of tissues in vertebrate organs Flashcards
What is histology?
histology is the microscopic study of plant and animal tissues, the cells that the tissues are composed of (cytology) and study of organs built by the tissues (organology)
In greek, histos means tissues and logia means the study of
What are the four principal groups of tissues?`
1) epithelial
2) connective
3) muscle
4) nerve
some people make a 5th grouping if you separate the fluids of animals, blood and lymph, from solid tissues. But most consider blood and lymph to be a special type of connective tissue.
What is a tissue
An integrated group of cells with common structure and function
What is epithelial tissue composed of?
Sheets of tightly packed cells with little intercellular substance between them
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
Protects organisms from fluid loss, infection and mechanical injury
Where can we find epithelial tissue?
In the coverings of our body (skin) and the lining of organs and body cavities (lungs, stomach, intestines, and blood vessels)
What is simple epithelium?
epithelial tissue that is composed of a single layer of cells
What is stratified epithelium?
epithelial tissue that is composed of multiple tiers of cells
Is the shape of epithelial cells in the tissue uniform or does it vary?
It depends on the layer or position
What different kinds of shapes can the epithelial cells take? (3)
squamous - flat disc shaped
cuboid - cube shaped
columnar cells - shaped like masonry bricks
What is glandular epithelia?
Epithelia that line organs, such as those in the digestive tract, that may absorb and secrete chemical solutions in addition to protecting the organs.
What is the function of connective tissue?
primarily serves to support parts of the body and hold them together
How are the cells spaced in connective tissue? How is this different from epithelial tissue?
The cells of connective tissue are widely spaced within an extracellular matrix of fibers
this is different from epithelial tissue because they are tightly packed with little inter(between)cellular substance between them
How are connective tissues classified
Based on the shape and appearance of the cells. As well as the nature and composition of the matrix.
What is the most widespread type of connective tissue in the vertebrate body?
loose connective (areolar) tissue
What do fibers within their respective fluid matrixes do?
They bind epithelial tissue to underlying structures and hold organs in plance
What is the function of adipose tissue?
Has a similar function to fibers (binding epithelial tissue to underlying structures and holding organs in place)
Also, stores fat molecules in the form of droplets
What comprises fibrous connective tissue (what is it and how are they arranged)? What is special about these collagen fibers?
Fibrous connective tissue contains densely packed collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles
This structure maximizes the nonelastic properties and strength of tendons and ligaments
What is chondroitin sulfate? Where is it found? What else is in collagen?
Chondroitin sulfate is a protein-carbohydrate complex
It is found in collagen
Collagen also contains collagen fibers (and chondroitin sulfate) within its rubbery matrix
How does some cartilage become calcified?
Through the actions of bone-forming cells called osteoblasts
What is hydroxyapatite
It is the product when calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions interact with the collagen matrix
Is blood a connective tissue?
yeah, but the matrix is fluid rather than fibrous
What are muscle tissue made of? (shape of cells and their name)
long cells called muscle fibers
What are muscle fibers made of? (what are they and how are they arranged?
muscle fibers are made of parallel bundles of smaller fibers called myofibrils
