Histology of the GI Tract Flashcards
What is the hierarchical organisation?
Cells (ultrastructural level)
Tissues (molecular level)
Organ
Organ system
Organism
What is the first question you should ask yourself when looking at a histological image?
How magnified the image is
What are the 4 basic types of tissues?
Epithelial
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
What are different classifications of epithelial tissue?
Columnar
Cuboidal
Squamous
What is epithelial tissue?
Tissue on the surface
What is connective tissue?
Space filling tissue
What are the functions of muscle tissue?
Contractions, movement
What are the functions of nervous tissue?
Integrates and coordinates
What is a tissue?
Group of cells that work together and perform the same function
What is a tissue formed from?
Cells and extracellular substance
What is an organ formed from?
Two or more types of tissues
What is 1?
What is 2?
What is 3?
What is 4?
What are the layers of the muscularis externa?
Inner circular muscle
Outer longitudinal muscle
What is the classification of the epithelium in th eoesophagus?
Stratified squamous non-keritinised epithelium
What kind of muscle is the upper 1/3 of the muscular layer of the oesophagus?
Skeletal muscle
What kinds of muscle is the middle 1/3 of the muscular layer of the oesophagus?
Smooth muscle and skeletal muscle
What kind of muscle of the lower 1/3 of the muscular layer of the oesophagus?
Smooth muscle
What is 1?
What is 2?
Who do parietal cells secrete?
Hydrochloric acid
What do chief cells secrete?
Pepsinogen
What is the classification of the epithelium in the stomach?
Simple columnar epithelium
In what layer are the gastric glands in the stomach found?
Mucosa (above muscularis mucosae)
What is unique about the muscularis externa of the stomach?
Has 3 layers, containing a middle oblique muscle
What is found in the mucosa of the small intestine?
Villi
Cryptos of Leiberkuhn
Lymphoid aggregations (Peyer’s patches)
What are crypts of Leiberkuhn?
Found in small intestine, similar to gastric glands of the stomach, contain stem cells that produce a number of different cell types including enterocytes
Where are Brunner’s glands found?
Submucosa of the duodenum
In what part of the GI tract are peyer’s patches found?
Ileum
Where in the GI tract do villi first appear?
Ileum
What part of the GI tract is the following image?
Jejunum
What part of the GI tract is the following image?
Ileum
What part of the GI tract is the following image?
Duodenum
What part of the GI tract is the following image?
Oesophagus
What part of the GI tract is the following image?
Stomach
What are Paneth cells?
Highly secretory cells that produce and package a variety of antimicrobial proteins and peptides
What does the large intestine contain histologically?
Thick mucosa
Crypts
Mucous secreting cells
What part of the GI tract is the following?
Large intestine
What are some glands of the GI tract?
Salivary glands (in head/neck bodies)
Pancreas
Liver
What is the secretory component of exocrine glands?
Acinar
What are the 3 major pairs of salivary glands?
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublinguinal
What does this histological image show?
Pancreas
What is 1?
Islet of Langerhans (no endocrine part so no acini)
What is 2?
Exocrine part of pancreas, contains pancreatic acini
What is 3?
Pancreatic duct (for exocrine part)
What does this histological image show?
Liver
