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GIGU Exam 1 > Histology Of Stomach And Esophagus > Flashcards

Histology Of Stomach And Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

Histology of oral cavity

A

Stratified Squamous non-keratinized

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2
Q

4 layer of GI tract

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscular is External
Serosa (proximal part esophagus)/Adventitia

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3
Q

What changes the most

A

The mucosa

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4
Q

Mucosa Layers

A
  1. Lining Epithelium : strat squamous non-keritinized (esophagus, oral cavity) + simple cuboidal (stomach, SI, LI)
  2. Lamina Propria: VASCULARIZED loose CT (Lymph nodules, WBC)
    3 Muscularis Mucosae: think SM layer = mobility ( of mucosa and its glands only) and infoldings (which allow for dilation) of the mucosa
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5
Q

Submucosal Layers

A
  1. Dense irregular CT NERVES+ VASCULARIZED + Lymph
    Also has glands (Esophagus and Duodenum)
    = Meissner Plexus (submucosal plexus)
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6
Q

Muscularis Externa Layers

A
  1. Inner Layer: SM circular (Achalasia effects nerves going here) +CONSTRICTS TUBE
  2. NERVES and VASCULARIZED = Myenteric Plexus (Auerbach plexus)
  3. Outer Layer: SM longitudinal Layer =SHORTENS TUBE
    = MIXING +PERISTALSIS
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7
Q

Where is the Myenteric Plexus

A

In between the inner and outer layer of the Muscularis Externa

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8
Q

Serosa/Adventitia Layers

A 
Mesentery or (peritoneal fold) = Adventitia (upper 2/3 of esophagus)
Mesentery + Mesothelium lining on the top (visceral peritoneum) = Serosa
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9
Q

Where is the Muscularis Mucosea

A

In the Mucosa Layer of the GI tract (causes release of glands and movement of mucosa)

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10
Q

Organs with serosa are

A

Intraperitoneal organs

If Adventitia = they are retroperitoneal organs

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11
Q

What epithelium is this

A

PROTECTIVE, Non-Keratinized Strat Squamous

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, anal canal

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12
Q

What epithelium is this

A

SECREATORY, Simple Columnar

Stomach , mucosa is think and packed with glands

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13
Q

What epithelium is this

A

ABSORPTIVE, Simple Columnar
SI, Mucosa arranged into Crypts,
Glands can be present sometimes (mucosal secretion)
Absorbs Nutrients

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14
Q

What epithelium is this

A

ABSORPTIVE + PROTECTIVE, Simple Columnar
LI, Mucosa arranged into closely packed glands
Glands have GOBLET cells (protect mucosa layer)
Absorbs H2O

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15
Q

Intrinsic innervation in GI

A

Enteric NS
Responds to ANS
Regulate: peristaltic movement (Muscularis Externa, Myenteric)
movement of Muscularis mucosae (Meissener)
Secreation of glands of mucosa and submucosa

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16
Q

Preganglionic axons of ENS

A

PARASYMPATHETIC = increase mobility

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17
Q

Postganglionic axons of ENS

A

SYMPATHETIC = decrease mobility

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18
Q

Esophagus histology layer 4 and glands

A

Thoracic esophagus = Adventitia
ABD (inferior) esophagus = Serosa

Lamina Propria of terminal esophagus= CARDIAC esophageal glands (in the mucosa)
Submucosa= SUBMUCOSAL glands- mucous and serous cells
= both make mucus

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19
Q

Esophagus Mucosa Layer

A

Non-Keritinized strat squamous
(On top of Lamina Propria - cardiac esophageal glands)
Many folds that distend with food (most glands in the lower segments)

20
Q

Esophagus Submucosa Layer

A

Collagen +elastic fibers, many small BVs
SUBMUCOSAL VENOUS PLEXUS = drains blood to systemic +portal veins
Submucosal glands throughout the entire length of E

21
Q

Increased pressure in the submucosa (esophagus)

A

increased pressure from inflammation of portal vein increase the pressure in the esophageal veins
Esophageal varcies
= dilation of the submucosa venous sinuses
Pain eating and Dysphagia, bleeding

22
Q

Muscularis Externa of Esophagus layer

A

inner and outer layer = segmented-dependent variations
ORAL
1/3 : Skeletal muscle (striated)
1/3 : Skeletal and SM
1/3 : SM - inner and outer segments are now seen
STOMACH (cardia)

23
Q

What prevents reflux of gastric contents

A

LES (lower esophageal sphincter)

24
Q

GERD

A

Chronic inflammation + ulcerations + difficult swallowing (Dysphagia) from reflux of gastric contents
= weakness of the LES

25
Q

Barrett’s Esophagus

A

Chronic GERD that causes non-keratinized strat squamous (in transition zone) ——> to become columnar mucus-secreting/glandular cells (for protection)

26
Q

Gastroesophageal Junction

A

Epithelial transition from esophagus to stomach
High risk of cancer
From non-k str sq ———> simple columnar

27
Q

Stomach epithelium

A

Glandular and has many pits and glands

28
Q

4 regions of the stomach

A
  1. Cardia - esophageal opening
  2. Fundus - left of cardia
  3. Body - central region
  4. Pyloris - ends at gastroduodenal orifice
29
Q

Rugea

A

Longitudinal folds in S gastric mucosa

Covered by gastric pits

30
Q

Gastric Glands produce

A

Mucosa for a barrier to protect the mucosal surface

31
Q

Mucosa Layer in stomach

A

Simple columnar
Lamina Propria : cardiac G, Gastric G, Pyloric G
Reticular and collagen

Muscularis mucosae helps release gastric G secretion

32
Q

Submucosa of Stomach Layer

A

Dense irr CT collagen + elastic fibers

A, V, L (meissner plexus)

33
Q

Muscularis Externa of Stomach Layer

A

HAS 3 LAYERS (not 2)

  1. Oblique
  2. Circular (THICK IN PYLOIS = PYLORIC SPHINCTER)
  3. Longitudinal
34
Q

Serosa of Stomach Layer

A

Loose CT and BVs

35
Q

Funding Glands

A

= Gastric Glands

1. Extend from gastric pits to Muscularis mucosae (in MUCOSA LAYER)

36
Q

Fundic (Gastric) Glands are located where in the invagination of the mucosal layer (RUGAE)

A

The bottom : shorter wider base

37
Q

Three Layers of the invagination of the mucosal layer and the cells in each in the right order (RUGAE)

A

LUMEN
GASTRIC PIT
-surface mucous cells : alkaline mucin
ISTHMUS/NECK
-Mucous Neck cells : acid mucin
- Parietal Cells : Intrinsic Factor (absorb B2) and HCL
GASTRIC GLAND
- Chief cells : Pepsinogen and gastric lipase(activated by HCL)
- G cell : Gastrin into BLOOD (stimulates parietal cell)

38
Q

Order the stomach cells only (RUGAE)

A 
Surface mucous cell : Alkaline Mucin 
Mucous neck cells : Acid Mucin
Parietal cells : IF and HCL
Chief cells : Pepsinogen and Gastric Lipase
G-cells (ENTEROENDOCRINE cell) : Gastrin
39
Q

Mucous Cells

A
  1. Surface Mucous Cells -line lumen and gastric pit
  2. Mucous Neck Cells -neck as individuals or clusters (APICAL SECRETION)

95% water, 5% water =gel attaching to surface mucosa to neutralize the microenvironment (ALKALINE FLUID)

40
Q

Chief Cells

A

ZYMOGENTIC CELLS, clusters
Inferior 1/3 or gastric glands
HIGH RER and APICAL SECRETION of granules
Basophilic

Secrete Pepsinogen + gastric Lipase

41
Q

Pepsinogen

Function and when

A

Proenzyme in the secretory granules (of the chief cells)
HCL coverts it to Pepsin-proteolytic digestive enzyme

Released fast during feeding

42
Q

Gastric Lipase

Function

A

Digest lipids

43
Q

Parietal Cells

Function and

A
  • Neck and upper segment of gastric gland
  • HCL (gastric juice) + IF (bind and absorb B2)
  • 1-2 nuclei + Eosinophilic (HIGH MITOCHONDRIA)

*active Parietal cells invaginate into apical surface (away from lumen)=(INTRACELLULAR CANALICULUS (increase SA of microvilli)

44
Q

Gastric Ulcers
what is it
Where
Cause

A

Painful lesions of mucosa layer, can extend deeper layers
(From lower esophagus to SI)- most common in stomach

Cause : H Pylori, NSAIDS effects, Overproduced HCL or Pepsin, low HCO3- and mucus production

45
Q

ENTEROENDOCRINE cells (G -cells)

A

In gastric mucosa along the entire length of the GI
Named by first letter of their H secreted name
*most are APUD cells : process amines
* part of the diffuse neuron doctrine system (DNES)

EX: G -cell secreting Gastrin in the Stomach

46
Q

ENTEROENDOCRINE cells
Stimulated how
Open, closed
Function

A

By paracrine and endocrine effects
CLOSED: apex of cell not exposed to lumen
OPEN: apical end contacts lumen (has CHEMORECEPTORS to sample the lumen contents)

Regulates peristalsis, motility, secretion of digestive Hs, H2O, electrolytes,
SENSE SATIETY after eating

47
Q

Pyloric Glands

A

A LOT OF MUCUS SECRETING CELLS ( to neutralized anything going to SI)
Lined by mucus-secreting cells - large pale mucus
Empty into pits (large, half of mucosa)
RELEASE GASTIN (G-Cells)
Some parietal cells, Lymph nodules (GALT) present

GIGU Exam 1 (19 decks)

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