Histology of Liver, Pancreas and Biliary tract

Question 1

What are the Principle cells in the Liver? How are they arranged?

Answer 1

Hepatocytes
Arranged in cords with interveining sinusoids

Question 2

What are Sinusoids?

Answer 2

Capillaries in-between cords of hepatocytes

Question 3

What is the liver divided into? What does each division represent?

Answer 3

Lobules
Each lobule is drained by one central hepatic venule

Question 4

What shape are the lobules generally? What structures are in the corners of the lobules?

Answer 4

Hexagonal
Portal triad

Question 5

What is an alternative architecture of the liver?
What is the structure of this?

Answer 5

Acinus
Forms a diamond with the central veins and portal triads

Question 6

Which hepatocytes in the lobule receive the most oxygen and which receive the least?Why?

Answer 6

Hepatocytes on the outer layer receive the most hepatocytes near the central vein receive the least
This is because the most outer ones are closer to the hepatic arteries and the inner most are closer to the central venule

Question 7

What is a feature of dying cells?

Answer 7

Becoming vacuolated

Question 8

What are 3 features of hepatoytes?

Answer 8

Abundant mitochondria
Large central spherical nuclei
May be binucleate

Question 9

What type of cells are hepatocytes?

Answer 9

Polyhedral epithelial cells

Question 10

what are the Three surfaces of Hepatocytes and % it covers?

Answer 10

Sinusoidal-70%
Canalicular-15%
Intercelllar-15%

Question 11

What is the space called between the sinusoidal endothelium and the hepatocyte?

Answer 11

Space of Disse (perisinodial space)

Question 12

What does the perisinodial space contain?

Answer 12

Reticulin fibers
Stem cells - ito cells

Question 13

What are the sinusoids of the liver lined by?

Answer 13

Discontinuous endothelium

Question 14

What does a discontinuous endothelium mean?

Answer 14

It means the vascular endothelium is not associated with a basement membrane

Question 15

What cells are scattered in the sinusoids?

Answer 15

Kupffer cells (Brown cells)

Question 16

What lines the bile ducts in the liver?

Answer 16

Simple cuboidal-to-columnar epithelium

Question 17

What are the 4 tubules for bile in the liver?
What happens to the epithelium as you go further away from the hepatocytes?

Answer 17

1. Canaliculi
   2.Bile ductules
   3.Trabecular ductules
   4.Bile ducts
   It becomes more columnar

Question 18

Epithelium of Gallbladder?

Answer 18

Simple columnar

Question 19

What lies below the epithelium in the gallbladder?

Answer 19

Specialised mucosa comprising of loose fibrous connective tissue

Question 20

What does the smooth muscle form in the gallbladder?

Answer 20

Muscularis propria

Question 21

Function of gallbladder involving water?

Answer 21

Absorbing water from bile

Question 22

What does the gallbladder mucosa contain to increase its surface area?

Answer 22

Villi

Question 23

What is the pancreas surrounded by?

Answer 23

Poorly defined fibrous capsule with septa (multiple septum) diving glands into lobules

Question 24

What are the epithelial cells in the exocrine prancreas arranged into?

Answer 24

Acini

Question 25

What shape are the acinar cells in the pancreas?
what are they rich in?

Answer 25

Pyramidal
Rough endoplasmic recticulum (towards the basal area)

Question 26

What Granules are prominent in acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas? Where are they found? what is there function

Answer 26

Zymogen
Near the apex of the cell
enzyme precursor

Question 27

What are the 4 tubules that go from the acini to the duodenum?

Answer 27

Centroacinar cells
Intercalated ducts
Interlobular ducts
Main pancreatic duct