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Lecture GIT > Histology of GI > Flashcards

Histology of GI Flashcards

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Git Commands flashcards
1
Q

Three types of glands found in the stomach

A

Pyloric, cardiac and fundic/ gastric

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2
Q

Which layer of the stomach are gastric pits founds

A

Mucus layer

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3
Q

Three characteristics of gastric pits

A

Found in mucosa, lined by surface mucous cells and have gastric glands an their base

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4
Q

Which type of glands in the stomach has narrow lumen and shallow pits

A

Fundic glands

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5
Q

Which glands in the stomach have wide lumens and deep pits

A

Pyloric and cardiac glands

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6
Q

What do surface mucous cells in gastric pits secrete

A

Insoluble, viscous, gel-like coating that is rich in bicarbonate ions

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7
Q

Five cell types in the fundic gland epithelium

A 
Mucus neck cells
Parietal/oxyntic cells
Chief/peptic cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Stem cells
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8
Q

Which fundic epithelial cell type produces SOLUBLE low-alkaline secretions

A

Mucus neck ells

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9
Q

Which fundic epithelial cell type has the longest life span

A

Parietal cells

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10
Q

Which fudic epithelial cell type is acidophilic and why

A

Parietal/oxyntic cells because they have a lot of mitochondria

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11
Q

Why do parietal cells have a lot of mitochondria

A

ATP is needed for proton pumping

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12
Q

Which fundic epithelial cell type has canniculi and many micro villi

A

Parietal/oxyntic cells

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13
Q

Damage to which fundic epithelial cell type causes pernicious anemia

A

Parietal cells

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14
Q

How is pernicous anemia caused

A

If parietal cells are damaged they cannot make intrinsic factor which is need for vitamin B12 absorption. Vit B12 is needed for DNA synthesis in erythrocytes

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15
Q

How is Achlorhydria (no acid production)

A

Damage to parietal cells

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16
Q

How can Achlorhydria also affect protein digestion?

A

Pepsinogen (secreted form chief cells) need to come into contact with acid to be cleaved into its active form, pepsin

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17
Q

Which fundic epithelial cell produces pepsinogen

A

Chief/peptic cells

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18
Q

Which fundic epithelial cells are basophilic

A

Chief/peptic cells because they have a lot of proteins (and RER)

19
Q

How is pepsinogen activated

A

Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin when it comes into contact with acid gastric juice

20
Q

Which side of chief cells contain the enzyme precursors

A

Apical surface

21
Q

What type of epithelium is in the esohagus

A

non keratinized, stratified squamous

22
Q

What type of epithelium is in the stomach

A

simple columnar

23
Q

Three components of the gastric mucosal barrier

A

Viscid mucus from surface cells
Bicarbonate ions from epithelial cells
Tight junction

24
Q

The absorptive surface of the small intestines is increased by

A

Circular folds (plicae circulares)
Villi
Microvilli

25
Q

What kind of glands extend form the muscularis mucosae to open into the lumen of villi

A

Simple tubular intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkühn)

26
Q

Function of enterocytes

A

Absorptive cells that transport substances from the lumen of the small intestines to the blood or lumphatics

27
Q

Function of goblet cells

A

Secrete mucin

28
Q

Function of paneth cells

A

Have antimicrobial activity (eg. lysozome or apha defensins) and are found in the base of the intestinal glands

29
Q

Function of enterendocrine cells

A

Secretion of endocrine and paracrine hormones

30
Q

Function of M cells

A

Antigen transporting cells that cover lymphatic nodules

31
Q

Six types of ells lining the crypts of the intestines

A

Enterocytes, goblet, paneth,

enteroendocrine, stem and M cells

32
Q

What are Payer’s patches

A

Aggregations of lymphatic nodules that contain B and T cells

33
Q

Which structures are a part of the GALT in the small intestines

A

Payer’s patches and M cells

34
Q

What structure in the large intestines condenses to form teniae coli

A

Muscularis externa

35
Q

Which structure in the large intestines is associated with maturation of immune cells during early life

A

Appendix

36
Q

Which artery supplies the liver

A

Hepatic artery

37
Q

Which vein supplies the liver

A

Hepatic portal vein

38
Q

Structural components of the liver

A

Parenchyma, sinusoidal capillaries and Connective tissue stroma

39
Q

What is paranchyma

A

Plates of hepatocytes

40
Q

What are sinusoidal cappillaries

A

They separate plates of parenchyma

41
Q

What do hepatocytes consist of

A

Lots of golgi and rough ER- protein sythesis
Numerous mitochondria
Smooth ER- synthesis of lipids and detoxification of bilirubin
Many peroxisomes- detoxification of various toxins
Deposits of glycogen
Lipid droplets

42
Q

What are the different types of surfaces on a hepatocyte

A

Sinusoidal surface and a lateral & canalicular surface

43
Q

Describe the sinusoidal surface of hepatocytes

A

It faces the parasinusoidal space and has many micro villi that open into the space

44
Q

Describe the later& canalicular surface of hepatocytes

A

It faces the neighboring hepatocytes and had bile canaliculus that is sealed by a tight junction

Lecture GIT (4 decks)

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