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Lecture GIT > Anatomy of Small and Large Intestines > Flashcards

Anatomy of Small and Large Intestines Flashcards

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1
Q

What makes up the small intestines

A

Duodenum,Jejunum and ileum

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2
Q

What makes up the large intestines

A

Cecum and appendix Colon

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3
Q

Extent of the duodenum

A

From the pylorus of stomach to the duodenal- jejunal junction

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4
Q

Subdivisions of the duodenum

A

First, second, third, fourth parts

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5
Q

Extent of superior/first part of duodenum

A

Extends from the pyloric orifice of the stomach to the neck of the gallbladder

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6
Q

Position of duodenum compared to L1 vetebra

A

Lays just to the right of the body

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7
Q

What structures are posterior to the 1st part of the duodenum

A

bile duct, gastroduodenal artery, portal vein, and inferior vena cava

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8
Q

The beginning of the first part of the duodenum is referred to as

A

the ampulla or duodenal cap

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9
Q

Where is the site of most duodenal ulcers

A

Duodenal ampulla/cap

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10
Q

Extent of descending/second part of duodenum (in terms of vetebral body)

A

extends from the L 1 vertebrae to the lower border of vertebra L3

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11
Q

What structures are anterior to the 2nd part of the duodenum

A

the transverse colon

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12
Q

What structures are posterior to the 2nd part of the duodenum

A

the right kidney

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13
Q

What structures are medial to the 2nd part of the duodenum

A

head of the pancreas

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14
Q

Which part of the duodenum contains major and minor papilla

A

The second part of the duodenum

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15
Q

Which duodenal papilla has the common entrance for the bile duct and the pancreatic duct

A

Major duodenal papilla

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16
Q

Which duodenal papilla has the entrance for the accessory pancreatic duct

A

Minor duodenal pailla

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17
Q

The junction of the foregut and the midgut is just below which duodenal structure

A

Major duodenal papilla

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18
Q

Which part of the duodenum is the longest section

A

The third/inferior part

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19
Q

Which structures lie posterior to the third part of the duodenum

A

the inferior vena cava, the aorta, and the vertebral column

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20
Q

Which structure crosses the third part of the duodenum anteriorly

A

Superior mesenteric artery and vein

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21
Q

Which part of the duodenum passes upward on, or to the left of, the aorta to approximately the upper border of vertebra L2

A

The fourth/ascending part

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22
Q

Where does the fourth part of the duodenum end

A

The duodenojejunal flexure

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23
Q

Which structure surrounds the duodenojejunal flexure

A

suspensory muscle (ligament) of duodenum (ligament of Treitz).

24
Q

Describe the location of the jejunum

A

Upper left quadrant

25
Q

Describe the wall of the jejunum

A

Thick and more vascular

26
Q

Describe the lumen of the jejunum

A

Wider and often empty

27
Q

Describe the circular folds of the jejunum

A

Large, thick, closely set

28
Q

Describe the villi of the jejunum

A

Tall and leaf like

29
Q

Describe the Payer’s patches of the jejunum

A

There are none

30
Q

Describe the fat distribution of the jejunum

A

Less fat

31
Q

Describe the location of the ileum

A

Lower right quadrant

32
Q

Describe the walls of the ileum

A

Thinner, less vascular

33
Q

Describe the lumen of the ileum

A

Narrow, often loaded

34
Q

Describe the circular folds of the ileum

A

Smaller, sparse

35
Q

Describe the villi of the ileum

A

Short, finger like

36
Q

Describe the Payer’s patches of the ileum

A

Present

37
Q

Describe the fat distribution of the ileum

A

Abundant

38
Q

Which small intestine structure has less complex arterial arcades and longer vasa recta

A

Jejunum

39
Q

Extent of the large intestines

A

It extends from ileo-caecal junction to the

anus.

40
Q

List the parts of the large intestines

A

Caecum and appendix
Colon (Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid)
Rectum
Anal canal

41
Q

Three prominent characteristics of the large intestines

A

Teaniae coli, Sacculations/haustrations and appendices epiploicae

42
Q

Where is the cecum found and what is it’s normal shape

A

Right iliac fossa

asymmetrical cul-de-sac

43
Q

Three other types of cecum based on the shape

A 
Feotal type (conical cecum)
Infantile type (Quadrate cecum)
Exaggerated type (enlarged right saccule)
44
Q

What two structures are in the anterior of the cecum

A

Ileo-cecal orifice and
Appendicular orifice
(valve of Gerlach)

45
Q

What two structures are devoid of teaniae coli, sacculations and appendices epiploicae

A

Appendix and rectum

46
Q

At which point in the appendix do all the three bands of teania coli coverge

A

Base of the appendix

47
Q

Most and least common positions of the appendix

A

Retrocecal/retrocolic and Splenic type

48
Q

Which intestine (small of large) does not have villi?

A

Large intestine

49
Q

Transverse mucosal Folds are permanent in which intestine (small or large)

A

Small

50
Q

Four divisions of the meso colon

A

Ileo-ceacal folds

Meso-appendix Transverse mesocolon Sigmoid mesocolon

51
Q

Which arteries anastomse (and form what) to supply the wall of the large intestine

A

Branches of superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric artery anastomose to form the Marginal artery of Drummond

52
Q

Lymphatic drainage of small intestine

Coeliac and superior mesenteric group of lymph nodes

A

Coeliac and superior mesenteric group of lymph nodes

53
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the large intestine

A

Epicoloic lymph nodes
Paracolic lymph nodes
Intermediate nodes
Terminal nodes

54
Q

What is an Intussusception

A

Invagination of part of intestine into

neighboring part, leading to bowel obstruction

55
Q

What is Mcburney’s point and what does it correspond to

A

It is a point of tenderness seen on right side of the abdomen that is one third of the distance from anterior superior iliac spine umbilicus. This point corresponds to base of appendix

56
Q

What is a vovulus

A

A volvulus is when a loop of intestine and the mesentery twists around itself, resulting in a bowel obstruction

57
Q

What is a Meckel’s diverticulum

A

The remnant of the proximal part of the yolk stalk (vitelline duct) that extends into the umbilical cord in the embryo and lies on the antimesenteric border of the ileum

Lecture GIT (4 decks)

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