Anatomy of Small and Large Intestines Flashcards
What makes up the small intestines
Duodenum,Jejunum and ileum
What makes up the large intestines
Cecum and appendix Colon
Extent of the duodenum
From the pylorus of stomach to the duodenal- jejunal junction
Subdivisions of the duodenum
First, second, third, fourth parts
Extent of superior/first part of duodenum
Extends from the pyloric orifice of the stomach to the neck of the gallbladder
Position of duodenum compared to L1 vetebra
Lays just to the right of the body
What structures are posterior to the 1st part of the duodenum
bile duct, gastroduodenal artery, portal vein, and inferior vena cava
The beginning of the first part of the duodenum is referred to as
the ampulla or duodenal cap
Where is the site of most duodenal ulcers
Duodenal ampulla/cap
Extent of descending/second part of duodenum (in terms of vetebral body)
extends from the L 1 vertebrae to the lower border of vertebra L3
What structures are anterior to the 2nd part of the duodenum
the transverse colon
What structures are posterior to the 2nd part of the duodenum
the right kidney
What structures are medial to the 2nd part of the duodenum
head of the pancreas
Which part of the duodenum contains major and minor papilla
The second part of the duodenum
Which duodenal papilla has the common entrance for the bile duct and the pancreatic duct
Major duodenal papilla
Which duodenal papilla has the entrance for the accessory pancreatic duct
Minor duodenal pailla
The junction of the foregut and the midgut is just below which duodenal structure
Major duodenal papilla
Which part of the duodenum is the longest section
The third/inferior part
Which structures lie posterior to the third part of the duodenum
the inferior vena cava, the aorta, and the vertebral column
Which structure crosses the third part of the duodenum anteriorly
Superior mesenteric artery and vein
Which part of the duodenum passes upward on, or to the left of, the aorta to approximately the upper border of vertebra L2
The fourth/ascending part
Where does the fourth part of the duodenum end
The duodenojejunal flexure
Which structure surrounds the duodenojejunal flexure
suspensory muscle (ligament) of duodenum (ligament of Treitz).
Describe the location of the jejunum
Upper left quadrant
Describe the wall of the jejunum
Thick and more vascular
Describe the lumen of the jejunum
Wider and often empty
Describe the circular folds of the jejunum
Large, thick, closely set
Describe the villi of the jejunum
Tall and leaf like
Describe the Payer’s patches of the jejunum
There are none
Describe the fat distribution of the jejunum
Less fat
Describe the location of the ileum
Lower right quadrant
Describe the walls of the ileum
Thinner, less vascular
Describe the lumen of the ileum
Narrow, often loaded
Describe the circular folds of the ileum
Smaller, sparse
Describe the villi of the ileum
Short, finger like
Describe the Payer’s patches of the ileum
Present
Describe the fat distribution of the ileum
Abundant
Which small intestine structure has less complex arterial arcades and longer vasa recta
Jejunum
Extent of the large intestines
It extends from ileo-caecal junction to the
anus.
List the parts of the large intestines
Caecum and appendix
Colon (Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid)
Rectum
Anal canal
Three prominent characteristics of the large intestines
Teaniae coli, Sacculations/haustrations and appendices epiploicae
Where is the cecum found and what is it’s normal shape
Right iliac fossa
asymmetrical cul-de-sac
Three other types of cecum based on the shape
Feotal type (conical cecum) Infantile type (Quadrate cecum) Exaggerated type (enlarged right saccule)
What two structures are in the anterior of the cecum
Ileo-cecal orifice and
Appendicular orifice
(valve of Gerlach)
What two structures are devoid of teaniae coli, sacculations and appendices epiploicae
Appendix and rectum
At which point in the appendix do all the three bands of teania coli coverge
Base of the appendix
Most and least common positions of the appendix
Retrocecal/retrocolic and Splenic type
Which intestine (small of large) does not have villi?
Large intestine
Transverse mucosal Folds are permanent in which intestine (small or large)
Small
Four divisions of the meso colon
Ileo-ceacal folds
Meso-appendix Transverse mesocolon Sigmoid mesocolon
Which arteries anastomse (and form what) to supply the wall of the large intestine
Branches of superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric artery anastomose to form the Marginal artery of Drummond
Lymphatic drainage of small intestine
Coeliac and superior mesenteric group of lymph nodes
Coeliac and superior mesenteric group of lymph nodes
Lymphatic drainage of the large intestine
Epicoloic lymph nodes
Paracolic lymph nodes
Intermediate nodes
Terminal nodes
What is an Intussusception
Invagination of part of intestine into
neighboring part, leading to bowel obstruction
What is Mcburney’s point and what does it correspond to
It is a point of tenderness seen on right side of the abdomen that is one third of the distance from anterior superior iliac spine umbilicus. This point corresponds to base of appendix
What is a vovulus
A volvulus is when a loop of intestine and the mesentery twists around itself, resulting in a bowel obstruction
What is a Meckel’s diverticulum
The remnant of the proximal part of the yolk stalk (vitelline duct) that extends into the umbilical cord in the embryo and lies on the antimesenteric border of the ileum
