Histology of Cv System

Question 1

describe the structure of capillaries

Answer 1

it is lined by endothelial cells
has a thin basal lamina
pericytes (help maintain viability of endothelial cells)
-7-9 in diameter

Question 1

what are the three different types of capillaries

Answer 1

continous
fenestrated
sinusoidial

Question 2

capillaries that have tiny
openings, or pores.
* Allow larger molecules and
proteins to move from your blood
into organs and glands. (eg.
Intestine)

Answer 2

fenestrated

Question 3

capillaries are tiny
blood vessels that deliver blood,
nutrients and oxygen to our cells.
* Contains pinocytic vesicles
* Present in the skin, lungs, and
blood-brain barrier

Answer 3

continuous

Question 4

larger
than other capillaries and have a
discontinuous endothelium. (eg.
Liver, spleen, bone marrow)
* Kupffer cells are present in the
lumen

Answer 4

sinusoidal

Question 5

what are some capillary exchange mechanisms

Answer 5

open pores/ gaps
diffusion,filtration, vesicular transport “transcytosis”
transendothelial channels

Question 6

what are some secretory and metabolic functions of endothelial cells

Answer 6

Adhesion molecules
(diapedesis)
▪Produce vasoactive
compounds
▪ NO for vasodilation,
▪endothelin for
vasoconstriction
▪ Anti-thrombogenic
factors
▪Metabolic conversions
(angiotensin I to II)
i.e. vasoconstriction

Question 7

structure includes endothelium subendothelial layer and internal elastic lamina

Answer 7

tunica intima

Question 8

structure includes smooth muscle and elastic fibers
external elastic lamina

Answer 8

tunica media

Question 9

structure includes collagen fibers

Answer 9

tunica externa

Question 10

this structure is thicker in arteries and thinner in veins

Answer 10

tunica media

Question 11

this structure is thinner in arteries and thicker in veins

Answer 11

tunica adventitia

Question 12

phentotype is Branched networks Tapered in each end Long & cylindrical,
between cells
Single nucleus Single nucleus Multi-nucleated
Straited with Non-straited Straited
intercalated discs

Answer 12

cardiac muscle

Question 13

tapered in each end
single nucleus
non straited

Answer 13

smooth muscle

Question 14

long and cylindrical
multi nucleated
straited

Answer 14

skeletal muscle

Question 15

location and control of action

cardiac muscle

Answer 15

walls of heart
cardiovascular pump
involuntary

Question 16

location and control of smooth muscle

Answer 16

walls of hollow
visceral organs
produces peristalsis
involuntary

Question 17

location and control of skeletal muscle

Answer 17

attattched to bones
movement of joints
voluntary

Question 18

post capillary- collecting and mascular venule

describe order of flow

Answer 18

a - arteriole
c -capillary
pcv- post capillary venule
cv collectiing venule
mv muscular vein

Question 19

structure of heart
homologous to tunica media

Answer 19

endocardium

Question 20

structure of heart
homologous to tunica media

Answer 20

myocardium

Question 21

structure of heart
homologous to tunica adventitia

Answer 21

epicardium

Question 22

describe purkinje fibers

Answer 22

specialized cardiac muscle cell that conducts impulses 5
times faster than surrounding cells. Gap junctions allow the wave of
depolarization to first induce cardiac muscle contraction from the apex of the
heart.

Question 23

lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes do what

Answer 23

return excess 10% of interstitial fluid to blood
transport lipids absorbed from intestines
immunologic support

Question 24

describe lymphokinteic flow from highest pressure to lowest pressure

Answer 24

High to low

blood capillaries - interstirial fluid- lymph capillaries -lymph veins-lymph ducts - large circ veins

Question 24

lymphatic capillaries have have unique permeability characteristics like

Answer 24

filaments (elastic fibers) anchor to connective tissue

Question 24

all lymph gets filtered by at least one lymph node before it re enters the blood

T or F

Answer 24

True

Question 25

______ are related to defects in the tunica media of cerebral arteries

Answer 25

berry aneurysms

Question 26

valve insufficiency
develops due to the weakness of the vein wall and loss of valve function
lower legs

Answer 26

vericose veins