Anatomy thorax II Flashcards
thoracic cavity is divided into 3 major spaces which include
right and left pleural cavities and the mediastinum.
Because of its central position in the thoracic cavity,
he mediastinum has several boundaries:
* Superiorly, the superior thoracic aperture
* Inferiorly, the diaphragm
* Anteriorly, the sternum
* Posteriorly, bodies of thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
* Laterally, right and left pleural cavities
mediastinum is divided into which sections
superior mediastinum and inferior mediastinum + within inferior:
anterior, middle, posterior.
pericardium, heart,
roots of the great vessels (vena cavas, aortas etc..), arch of azygos vein, phrenic
nerves, pericardiacophrenic arteries and veins.
contents of what
middle section of the inferior mediastinum:
sac surrounding the heart
pericardium
pericardium has two components
serous pericardium + fibrous pericardium.
o Serous pericardium = parietal layer + visceral layer
o Note: parietal = wall and visceral = organ. Remember anatomy is a language!!!
space between visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium
pericardial cavity
accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity via pericardial effusion
which results in reduced venous return and so reduced cardiac output
cardiac tamponade
aspiration of fluid from the pericardial cavity to relieve cardiac tamponade
pericardiocentesis
location of phrenic nerves
pass through the neck, superior thoracic aperture, and the
mediastinum (anterior to root of the lung in middle mediastinum)
orgin of phrenic nerves
spinal roots C3, C4.C5
supplies diaphragm (motor innervation) + fibrous pericardium
and parietal pleura (sensory innervation)
* Mnemonic: “ C3, C4, C5 keep the diaphragm alive
right pump of heart receives ____ blood from the body and pumps it throughout body
deoxygenated
left pump of heart receives _____ blood from lungs and pumps it throughout body
left pump
which heart chamber receives blood
atria
which heart chamber pumps blood away from heart
ventricle
which atrium forms the right pulmonary surface of the heart
right atrium
location of right ventricle in heart
anterior (sternocostal) surface of the heart
location of left atrium in heart
posterior surface (base) of the heart
left pulmonary surface +
inferior/diaphragmatic surface → forms the apex
left ventricle
remember to draw this out as well but know the trace of blood flow through the heart
Blood from Superior Vena Cava + Inferior Vena Cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary
arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → ascending aorta → body-
4 pulmonary veins (2 left and 2 right)
2 pulmonary arteries
know coronary arteries and be able to draw them
right coronary artery branches off to give:
- Anteriorly: sinoatrial (SA) nodal artery + right marginal artery
- Posteriorly: AV nodal artery and Posterior interventricular artery (aka posterior descending
artery)
Left coronary artery branches off to give
Anteriorly: circumflex artery which itself branches off to give left marginal artery + anterior
interventricular artery (AKA left anterior descending)
* Posteriorly: circumflex artery travels via coronary sulcus and branches off to give left
posterior ventricular artery
which veins drain into the coronary sinus
great cardiac vein + middle cardiac vein + small cardiac vein
know all the bolded images
stopped on page 6 MNTS.
