Anatomy thorax II

Question 1

thoracic cavity is divided into 3 major spaces which include

Answer 1

right and left pleural cavities and the mediastinum.

Question 2

Because of its central position in the thoracic cavity,

Answer 2

he mediastinum has several boundaries:
* Superiorly, the superior thoracic aperture
* Inferiorly, the diaphragm
* Anteriorly, the sternum
* Posteriorly, bodies of thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
* Laterally, right and left pleural cavities

Question 3

mediastinum is divided into which sections

Answer 3

superior mediastinum and inferior mediastinum + within inferior:
anterior, middle, posterior.

Question 4

pericardium, heart,
roots of the great vessels (vena cavas, aortas etc..), arch of azygos vein, phrenic
nerves, pericardiacophrenic arteries and veins.

contents of what

Answer 4

middle section of the inferior mediastinum:

Question 5

sac surrounding the heart

Answer 5

pericardium

Question 6

pericardium has two components

Answer 6

serous pericardium + fibrous pericardium.
o Serous pericardium = parietal layer + visceral layer
o Note: parietal = wall and visceral = organ. Remember anatomy is a language!!!

Question 7

space between visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium

Answer 7

pericardial cavity

Question 8

accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity via pericardial effusion
which results in reduced venous return and so reduced cardiac output

Answer 8

cardiac tamponade

Question 9

aspiration of fluid from the pericardial cavity to relieve cardiac tamponade

Answer 9

pericardiocentesis

Question 10

location of phrenic nerves

Answer 10

pass through the neck, superior thoracic aperture, and the
mediastinum (anterior to root of the lung in middle mediastinum)

Question 11

orgin of phrenic nerves

Answer 11

spinal roots C3, C4.C5

supplies diaphragm (motor innervation) + fibrous pericardium
and parietal pleura (sensory innervation)
* Mnemonic: “ C3, C4, C5 keep the diaphragm alive

Question 12

right pump of heart receives ____ blood from the body and pumps it throughout body

Answer 12

deoxygenated

Question 13

left pump of heart receives _____ blood from lungs and pumps it throughout body

Answer 13

left pump

Question 14

which heart chamber receives blood

Answer 14

atria

Question 15

which heart chamber pumps blood away from heart

Answer 15

ventricle

Question 16

which atrium forms the right pulmonary surface of the heart

Answer 16

right atrium

Question 17

location of right ventricle in heart

Answer 17

anterior (sternocostal) surface of the heart

Question 18

location of left atrium in heart

Answer 18

posterior surface (base) of the heart

Question 19

left pulmonary surface +
inferior/diaphragmatic surface → forms the apex

Answer 19

left ventricle

Question 20

remember to draw this out as well but know the trace of blood flow through the heart

Answer 20

Blood from Superior Vena Cava + Inferior Vena Cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary
arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → ascending aorta → body-

Question 21

4 pulmonary veins (2 left and 2 right)

Answer 21

2 pulmonary arteries

Question 22

know coronary arteries and be able to draw them

Question 23

right coronary artery branches off to give:

Answer 23

• Anteriorly: sinoatrial (SA) nodal artery + right marginal artery
• Posteriorly: AV nodal artery and Posterior interventricular artery (aka posterior descending
  artery)

Question 24

Left coronary artery branches off to give

Answer 24

Anteriorly: circumflex artery which itself branches off to give left marginal artery + anterior
interventricular artery (AKA left anterior descending)
* Posteriorly: circumflex artery travels via coronary sulcus and branches off to give left
posterior ventricular artery

Question 25

which veins drain into the coronary sinus

Answer 25

great cardiac vein + middle cardiac vein + small cardiac vein

Question 26

know all the bolded images

Question 27

stopped on page 6 MNTS.