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Molecular Bioscience > Histology of Connective tissue > Flashcards

Histology of Connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

-Transport
-Defence
-Mechanics
-Energy store
-Connecting/linking

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2
Q

What is the extracellular matrix?

A

-Network of ‘scaffolding’ holding cells in place

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3
Q

What is the role of proteins in the ECM?

A

-Scaffolding material
-Tensile strength

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4
Q

What is the role of carbohydrates in the ECM?

A

-Glycosaminoclycans associate with water and form a gel to resist forces

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5
Q

What is the role of water in the ECM?

A

Soluble signalling medium

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6
Q

What is the ground substance?

A

Space in the ECM occupied by the glycosaminoclycan/proteoglycan/ water component

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7
Q

What are resident cells?

A

Permanently based inside the connective tissue and generally produce the matrix that forms, e.g. fibroblasts

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8
Q

What are wandering/transient cells?

A

Move through connective tissue either to fulfill a role or on their way to somewhere else

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8
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A

-Connective tissue cells
-Secrete fibres and ground substance
-Secrete large amounts of tropocollagen

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9
Q

What are fibroblasts important for?

A

Wound healing and tissue regeneration

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10
Q

What is the fibre component of connective tissue made of?

A

-Collagen fibres
-Elastic fibres
-Reticular fibres

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11
Q

What is collagen?

A

-Most abundant protein
-Helps resist tensile strength

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12
Q

Where is collagen produced?

A

-Produced inside fibroblast cells
-secreted before final product finished, as tropocollagen
-matures outside the cell into collagen fibrils

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13
Q

Where is the elasticity of collagen fibres not sufficient for the function?

A

-lungs
-heart
-arteries

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14
Q

What are elastic fibres?

A

-Formed in fibroblasts as tropoelastin
-secreted and polymerises and X links form
-Can be branched or flat sheets

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15
Q

what is tropoelastin composed of?

A

-Fibrillin + elastin

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16
Q

How is optimal elasticity achieved in elastic fibres?

A

Changing organisation

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17
Q

What are reticular fibres?

A

-Type of fine collagen
-Forms mesh structure: Reticuulum

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18
Q

What is loose connective tissue?

A

High proportion of fibres and smaller amounts of ground substance

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19
Q

What is dense connective tissue?

A

Higher proportion of ground substance and smaller proportion of fibres

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20
Q

What is areolar connective tissue

A

-Most abundant
-Mix of fibre types
-Fibroblasts predominant
-Substances can move easily form cell to cell through blood vessels

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21
Q

Where is areolar connective tissue found?

A

Common beneath epithelial layers and surrounding blood vessels

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22
Q

What is adipose connective tissue?

A

-Contains adipocytes (fat store)
-Main energy store
-Provides insulation and protects from external impacts

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23
Q

What is reticular connective tissue?

A

-Made of short, branched collagen fibres
-Found in lymphoid tissue
-Similar appearance to areolar tissue

24
What is dense regular connective tissue?
-Extremely strong -Tissue space occupied by fibres -Fewer cells than loose tissue -Fibroblasts predominant
25
Where is dense regular connective tissue found?
-Tendons and ligaments as great at resisting tensile strength
26
What is dense irregular connective tissue?
-Very strong -Fibroblasts predominant -Contains densely packed collagen fibres, randomly aligned to form meshwork
27
Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?
-Lower layers of the skin -Resistance to high tensile strength is required
28
What is cartilage?
-Atypical connective tissue -Contains chrondocytes
29
What is hyaline cartilage?
-Colourless -Prevents friction at joints
30
What are chrondocytes?
-Resident cells in cartilage -Produces collagen and ground substance
31
What is articular cartilage?
-Hyaline cartilage when present on articulating surfaces of bone joints
32
What is elastic cartilage?
-Contains collagen and an abundance of elastic fibres -Can withstand deformation
33
Where is elastic cartilage found?
-Lobe of the ear -Epiglottis
34
What is fibrocartilage?
-Toughest type -Resists compressive forces -Densely packed collagen fibres
35
Where is fibrocartilage found?
intervertebral discs in the spine
36
What are the 2 types of bone tissue?
-Cortical tissue -Cancellous/trabecular bone tissue
37
What is cortical bone tissue?
The hard compact exterior of the bone
38
What is cancellous bone tissue?
The spongy porous interior of the bone
39
What are the cells that produce bone?
Osteoblasts
40
What is the epiphysis?
The round end section of a long bone
41
What is the diaphysis?
The long section between the epiphysis
42
What are bones lined with?
A layer of dense irregular connective tissue called periosteum
43
What is cortical bone?
-Compact bone -75% of skeleton weight -Made up of osteons
44
What are osteons?
-Smaller subunits of bone -Series of concentric rings of calcified extracellular matrix
45
What is the haversion canal in a cortical bone?
-Runs through the middle of an osteon -Contains blood and nerve supply of the bone
46
What is trabecular bone?
-Cancellous bone -Interior of bone has a large surface area due to traeculae
47
What is the role of trabecular bone?
-Houses the bone marrow for blood cell formation
48
How does blood act as a connective tissue?
Connects different areas of the body chemically and physically
49
What are the types of muscle tissue?
-Smooth muscle -Skeletal muscle -Cardiac muscle
50
What are the cells of muscle?
Myocytes
51
What are skeletal muscles?
-Voluntary -Movement of bones
52
What is in the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle?
-Actin and myosin proteins which cause muscle contraction and relaxation
53
What are properties of skeletal muscles?
-Multinuclear -Nuclei are peripheral -membrane is the sarcolemma
54
What is smooth muscle?
-Involuntary -Forms inside of hollow organs, e.g. bladder, blood vessels etc.
55
What are properties of smooth muscle?
-Spindle shaped cells -No striations
56
What is cardiac muscle?
-Found in the walls of the heart
57
What are properties of cardiac muscle?
-Striated -One or two nuclei -Central nuclei -branched, tubular structure

Molecular Bioscience (16 decks)

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