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Block 2 Week 2 > Histology of Circulatory System > Flashcards

Histology of Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of a blood vessels?

A

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventita

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2
Q

What does the tunica intima do?

A

It makes up the endothelium and immediate surroundings of it (simple squamos except in lymphnode high endothelial venules which are cuboidal)

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3
Q

What makes up the tunica intima?

A

endothelium (simple squamos epithelium), variable basal lamina of endothelium, subendothelial connective tissue, internal elastic lamina

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4
Q

What is the endothelium of blood vessels made of?

A

simple squamos epithleium except in high endothelial venules, they are cuboidal

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5
Q

What allows for communication between the tunica intima and the tunica media?

A

internal elastic lamina that is fenistrated

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6
Q

What is the active layer of the blood vessel that is filled with smooth muscle cells and can sometimes have an external elastic lamina?

A

Tunica media

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7
Q

What does the tunica adventitia do?

A

connective tissue that relates to other blood vessels and organs

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8
Q

Is the basal lamina of a blood vessel cellular or acellular?

A

acellular

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9
Q

What is the basal lamina made of?

A

collagen and glycoprotein

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10
Q

Simple squamos epithelium are oriented what way to blood flow?

A

parallel

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11
Q

What try to inhibit coagulation at times and aid blood flow but all are metabolically active to help secrete substances to create CT (collagen, laminin)?

A

simple squamos epithelium

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12
Q

What does simple squamos epithelium secrete in the relaxed state?

A

NO to cause vasodiliation to allow for open blood low

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13
Q

What does simple squamos epithelium secrete in the constricted state?

A

Endothelin

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14
Q

All endothelial cell smake what factor to help with clotting?

A

von willebrand factor

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15
Q

Most arteries have special storage bodies called (blank) and they are full of von willebrand factors.
When are these factors released?

A

Weibel Palade bodies.

Damage to blood vessels

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16
Q

What are embedded in the endothelium?

A

enzymes such as angiotensin

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17
Q

Simple squamos epithelium secrete substances related to (blank).

A

structure, hemodynamics and clotting

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18
Q

What does the Tunic Media consist of?

A

Smooth muscle and external elastic lamina

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19
Q

What does the Tunica adventitia make up?

A

CT surrounding the Tunica media; and vaso vasorum

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20
Q

What responds to substances secreted by endothelium? What responds to nerve stimuli?

A

tunica media, tunica media (leads to vasoconstriction and dialation)

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21
Q

Do ALL arteries have an external elastic lamina?

A

no

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22
Q

What is the tunica adventitia made out of?

A

fibroblasts, collagen, elastic tissue

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23
Q

Where do vasa vasorum travel and nerves travel?

A

Tunica adventitia

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24
Q

For most blood vessels, constriction will occur with sympathetic stimulation except for coronary arteries and (blank).

A

skeletal muscle vessels

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25
Q

What is complex and involves pituitary, kidneys, baroreceptors, and sympathetics?

A

regulation of blood pressure

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26
Q

When nerves of the tunic adventitia are stimulated, what happens?

A

they release neurotransmitters which diffuse through fenestre in the external elastic lamina and stimulate outter most layer of smooth muscles which propogate the signal to other smooth muscle cells via gap junctions

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27
Q

What cells are spindle shaped and can have a nerve traveling on top of it?

A

smooth muscle in blood vessels

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28
Q

When will you not see a fenestrated internal elastic lamina?

A

in small and terminal arterioles

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29
Q

Which need more vaso vasorum, veins or arteries?

A

veins

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30
Q

What are the three types of arteries?

A

elastic, muscular and arteriole

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31
Q

What are the conducting arteries that stretch and recoil

A

elastic arteries

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32
Q

What arteries have prominent vasa vasorum and 40-70 elastin lamellae?

A

elastic arteries

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33
Q

What are the elastic arteries?

A

pulmonary trunk, aorta, common carotid, subclavian, common iliacs

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34
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle and elastin do elastic arteries have?

A

40-70 layers

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35
Q

Do elastic arteries have a lot of loose connective tissue?

A

yes so they can stretch

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36
Q

Most arteries with a name are what kind of arteries?

A

muscular arteries

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37
Q

Do muscular arteries have a large smooth muscle cell layer?

A

Yes very large

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38
Q

Do muscular arteries have internal and external elastic lamina?

A

yes and they are fenestered

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39
Q

Are there elastic fibers in muscular arteries?

A

no

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40
Q

What are more dense, elastic arteries or muscular arteries?

A

muscular

41
Q

Where are gap junctions located in blood vessels?

A

between smooth muscle cells

42
Q

Where do you see more vaso vasorum, in elastic or muscular arteries?

A

elastic

43
Q

What are the distributing arteries and have a large smooth muscle layer, contain gap junctions and have prominent Internal elastic layer and external elastic layer?

A

Muscular arteries

44
Q

What are terminal arteries?

A

arterioles

45
Q

What type of arteries have poorly defined internal elastic layer and do not need vasa vasorum?

A

arterioles

46
Q

What have metarterioles which have discontinuous tunica media?

A

arterioles

47
Q

What has a vessel wall as big as the diameter of its lumen?

A

arterioles

48
Q

Do arterioles have a vaso vasorum?

A

No

49
Q

What do metarterioles help with?

A

control of blood flow

50
Q

What are thin and have endothelial cells and basal lamina which sometimes have a nucleus and a red blood cell. Pericytes are sometimes associated with these. Main function is to transport gases and nutrients. 50 mm in length (short and thin)

A

Capillaries

51
Q

How can you tell arteries and veins apart?

A

arteries are circular do to robust tunica media, veins are all irregular shaped and thin wall (not a lot of smooth muscle)

52
Q

Which are bigger, veins or arteries?

A

veins

53
Q

What are the three types of capillaries?

A

continuous (somatic),fenestrated (visceral) capillaries, sinusoidal capillaries

54
Q

Where are continous (somatic) capillaries found? (material transveres the endthelial cell in either direction via pinocytotic vesicles)

A

Found in nervous tissue, brain tissue, and muscle tissue

55
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

found in pancreas, endocrine glands, and intestines, modified from in glomerulus of kidney

56
Q

Where are sinusoidal capillaries found? (biggest capillaries)

A

spleen, liver, bone marrow ( macrophages reach into capillary and grab bad stuff out of capillary)

57
Q

Which kind of capillary has no basal lamina?

A

sinusoidal capillaries in liver

58
Q

What kind of capillaries have a large lumen, possess numerous fenestrae have discontinous basal lamina and lack pinocytotic vesicles, often have overlapping endothelial cells.

A

sinusoidal (discontinous) capillary

59
Q

When blood needs to be controlled from one arteriole to a venule bypassing a capillary, a vessel with an incomplete smooth muscle coat helps along with a precapillary sphincter.

A

Metarteriole

60
Q

When would you utilize a metarteriole?

A

heat loss

61
Q

What cells are associated with capillaries and form gap junctions and if injury occurs, can become smooth muscle cell or endothelial cell and can regulate blood flow?

A

pericytes

62
Q

In veins, the tunica media is thinner or thicker than arteries?

A

thinner

63
Q

Are there valves in veins? Is there vaso vasorum?What are they made out of?

A

some, Yes a lot more than arteries, extensions of endothelium ( easy for them to become damaged)

64
Q

Are there valves in arteries? What are they made out of?

A

no, extnsions of endothelium ( easy for them to become damaged)

65
Q

The tunica media is much more prominent in the legs, why?

A

Because it is really hard to go against gravity so you need more help from the connective tissue

66
Q

What do venules and capillaries have in common?

A

they both have pericytes

67
Q

What are they perferred site for WBC migration (diapedesis)?

A

venules

68
Q

What are more permeable, capillaries or venules?

A

venules

69
Q

Do all venules have simple squamos epithelium?

A

no just most

70
Q

Where do you have special WBC migration and what type of venules help out there?

A

lymph nodes, high endothelial venules with CUBOIDAL endothelium

71
Q

What makes up the tunica media in veins?

A

smooth muscle and fibroelastic connective tissue

72
Q

What has collagenous connective tissue, fibroblasts, elastic fibers and vaso vasorum?

A

Tunica Adventitia

73
Q

What is continous with the lining of the chambers of the heart and comes from aorta?

A

endothelim (endocardium/simple squamos epithelium)

74
Q

What is just outside the endocardium and has purkinje fibers?

A

sunendocardial connective tissue

75
Q

What is the tunica media of the heart?

A

myocardium

76
Q

What is the tnica adventitia of the epicardium?

A

visceral pericardium

77
Q

What is neat about myocardium?

A

structure, contraction, conduction, endocrine

78
Q

Does the myocardium ever rest?

A

no, continual contraction

79
Q

What is connected to myocardium and gives heart distinct and permanent structuer?

A

fibroskeleton

80
Q

What is the endocrine function of the heart?

A

it influences fluid control and blood pressure and is a dynamic tissue

81
Q

If you have damaged heart muscle MI, Ischemia) what proteins will you see?

A

troponin, BNP

82
Q

What is the flow and pump structure of lymphatic vessels?

A

one way flow, no pump

83
Q

What does the lymphatic system do>

A

takes fluid collecting in interstitial fluid of cells back into vascular system

84
Q

Is the lymphatic system high or low pressure?

A

low

85
Q

What are the simplest and smallest vessels in the lympathic system?

A

lymphatic capillaries

86
Q

describe the structure of a lymphatic capillary?

A

starts in tissue somewhere and has endothelial cells overlap each other to create loose connections that allow fluid to leak in and out.

87
Q

What is the lymphatic system dependent on?

A

gravity

88
Q

Since the lymphatic vessels are so thin, how are they connected to adjacent connective tissue?

A

with lymphatic anchoring filaments

89
Q

Lymphatic capillaries go to lymphatic vessels which go where?

A

into lymphatic duct and thoracic duct into large veins in the next

90
Q

What are the 3 layers of the lymphatic ducts?

A

TI,TM,TA

91
Q

What is this:
TI:have endothelium, basal lamina, valves in some, subendothelial connective tisssue
TM: connective tissue and smooth muscle cells
TA: Smooth muscle cells oriented in longitudinal bundles; cardiac muscle cells near their entry into the heart, collagen layers with fibroblasts.

A

large veins

92
Q

What is this:
TI: endothelium, basal lamina, valves in some, subendothelial connective tissue
TM: reticular and elastic fibers and smooth muscel cells
TA: collagen layers with fibroblasts

A

Medium and small veins

93
Q

What is this
TI: endothelium and basal lamina and pericytes
TM: sparse connective tissue and a few smooth muscle cells
TA: some collagen and a few fibroblasts

A

Venules

94
Q

What is this:
TI: endothelium w/ weibel-palade bodies, basal lamina, subendothelial layer, incomplete internal elastic lamina
TM 40-70 fenestrate elastic membranes; smooth muscle cells intersperesed between elastic membranesl thin external elastsic lamina;vaso vasorum in outer half
TA thin layer of fibroelastic connective tissue, vasa vasorum, lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers.

A

Elastic Artery

95
Q

What is this:
TI: Endothelium w/ weibel-palade bodies, basal lamina, subendothelial layer, thick internal elastic lamina
TM: Up to 40 layers of smooth muscle cells; thick external elastic lamina
TA: thin layer of fibroelastic connective tissue; vasa vasorum not very prominent; lymphatic vessels; nerve fibers

A

Muscular artery

96
Q

What is this:
TI: endothelium with Weibel-Plalade bodies, basal lamina, subendothelial layer not very prominent; some elastic fibers instead of a defined internal elastic lamina
TM: 1 to 2 layers of smooth muscle cells
TA loos connective tissue, nerve fibers

A

Arteriole

97
Q

What is this:
TI, endothelium,basal lamina
TM: smooth muscle cells form precapillary sphincter
TA:sparse loose connective tissue

A

metarteriole

98
Q

all type of veins have fibroblasts, do arteries?

A

no

Block 2 Week 2 (5 decks)

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