histology of blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

what separates the tunica media from the tunica adventitia

A

external elastic membrane.

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2
Q

what separates the tunica intima from the tunica media

A

internal elastic fibre

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3
Q

what is the Tunica intima (inner layer):

A

single layer of squamous epithelial cells (endothelial cells) supported by a basal lamina and a thin layer of connective tissue

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4
Q

what is the Tunica media (middle layer):

A

made up predominately of smooth muscle, thickness varies (thickest)

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5
Q

what is Tunica adventitia (outer layer):

A

made up of supportive connective tissue

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6
Q

what are the largest arteries called and example

A

elastic artery
eg. aorta

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7
Q

what is the Vasa vasorum:

A

Network of small blood vessels which supply nutrients to the inner walls of larger blood vessels

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8
Q

describe arterioles

A

Only have 1-2 layers of smooth muscle in their tunica media and almost no adventitia
- important in controlling blood flow in a tissue

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9
Q

what are Meta arterioles:

A

when smooth muscle are replaced by dis-continous non-contractile cells called pericytes

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10
Q

what are Capillaries composed of

A

endothelial cells and a basal lamina

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11
Q

what are pericytes

A

connective tissue cells that have contractile properties

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12
Q

what are capillaries absent in

A
  • epithelial cells resting on basement membrane
  • epidermis of skin
  • hair and nails
  • cornea of eye
  • hyaline cartilage
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13
Q

Continuous capillaries

A

are the more common and endothelial cells provide an uninterrupted lining

Found: muscle, connective tissue, lung, skin, nerve.

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14
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A

have ~50nm pores in wall

Found: in mucosa of the gut, endocrine glands, glomeruli of the kidney

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15
Q

Sinusoidal/discontinuous capillaries:

A

have large gaps through which macromolecules (sometimes even cells) can pass, basal lamina is discontinuous or absent

Found: in liver, spleen, bone marrow

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16
Q

what are post capillaries important for

A

they are important sites for gas exchange

17
Q

what do veins have

A

a tunica intima and a thin but continuous tunica media

18
Q

what does the vena cava have a thick tunica adventitia which incorporates smooth muscle

A
19
Q

why do veins contain the majority of blood in the body

A

Veins are flexible and can accommodate expansion,

20
Q

what do Most small to medium sized veins have

A

valves that are inward extensions of the tunica intima.