Clinically Relevant Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards
what is fibrous pericardium continuous with
the central tendon of the diaphragm
what is the fibrous pericardium made of
tough fibrocollagenous connective tissue
what is serous pericardium made of
Made up of a layer of mesothelium, backed by a basal lamina and connective tissue
what does the parietal serous pericardium line
the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
what does the pericardial cavity do
separates 2 layers of serous pericardium, contains pericardial fluid which provides lubrication for heart movement
what does the visceral serous pericardium do
covers surface of the heart (also known as the epicardium)
what are the main functions of the fibrous ‘skeleton’ of the heart
- Supports the valves and provides attachment for cardiac muscle fibres
- Electrically isolates the atria from the ventricles as the depolarization travels from the AV node to the ventricles
what is a haemocardium
when the pericardial cavity fills with blood, meaning pressure around the heart prevents cardiac contraction
what is Pericardiocentesis:
drainage of fluid from pericardial cavity
how is Pericardiocentesis completed
Needle inserted via infrasternal angle and directed superoposteriorly, aspirating continuously
what is the Transverse pericardial sinus
Space within pericardial cavity - posterosuperiorly
where does the Transverse pericardial sinus lie
Lies posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
what do Venous angles do
(between internal jugular vein and subclclavian veins) drain lymph back into blood stream
what does the Coronary sinus do:
vein which drains deoxygenated blood from myocardium to SVC and IVC (right atrium)
- Anything above the coronary sinus is the
base of the heart
- Anything below the coronary sinus is the
diaphragmatic surface
what are the branches of the Right coronary artery:
- right marginal artery
- posterior interventicular artery
what are the branches of the left coronary artery:
- Circumflex artery
- LAD (Left Anterior Descending)
- left marginal artery
- lateral diagonal branch
what does the Interatrial septum do
Seperates the atria
what does the Interventricular septum do
Seperates the ventricles
Crista terminalis:
border between pectinate muscles and the sinus venarum of right atrium
describe the heart flow through valves
- RA to RV through tricuspid valve
- RV to pulmonary trunk through pulmonary valve
- Pulm to LA
- LA ro LV through mitral valve
- LV to aorta through Aortic valve
what do Tendinous cords do
snap shut to ensure unidirectional flow of the blood
what does the fibrous skeleton do
provides attachment for heart valves and muscle fibres and prevent excess dilation
