Histology Lecture 1

Question 1

Answer 1

A) Epithelium

B) Basement Membrane

C) Connective Tissue

D) Apical Surface

E) Lateral Surface

F) Blood Vessel

Question 2

How does H. Pylori cause gastric ulsters

Answer 2

By binding to tight junctions in the stomach, increasing their permeability leading to increase in fluid and ulsters

Question 3

What is Pemphigus Vulgaris?

Answer 3

An autoimmune disease that impairs desmosome function, leading to a reducing in cell-cell adhesion and thus mouth blisters

Question 4

Answer 4

Basement membrane surrouding kidney tubule

1) Specialized sheet of extracellular material next to BASAL domain
2) Selective barrier permits nutrient transfer

Question 5

Answer 5

Microvilli

Type of apical specialization

Increases surface area 20x ; actin core ; important for absorption – more = better absorp.

Brush board, in SI, on WBCs

Question 6

What is Ciliac Disease

Answer 6

Loss of microvilli on absorptive cell in Small Intestine

Question 7

Answer 7

Stereocilia

Similar to microvilli but DO NOT MOVE – primarily absorption/secretion function

Microtubule w/ actin core; absorption/secretion ; in Epidydimus & Inner Ear (movement from sound waves cause hearing)

Question 8

Answer 8

Cilia

contains internal array of microtubules

Long, highly motile structures

Cleaning/sweeping function to keep airways and other areas clear

Question 9

Typoes of Cilia

Answer 9

Motile (beat in wave-like fashion to move debris)

Primary (immotile, work as chemosensors, osmosensors)

Nodal (embryonic, at end of primitive streak, role in L/R axis of body)

Question 10

Name the catagories and types of Epithelial cells

Answer 10

Question 11

Question 12

How are epithelial structures named?

Answer 12

By the type of cell on THE APICAL SURFACE!!!

Question 13

What is the name of an epithelium structure based on?

Answer 13

The cell type at the apical surface

Question 14

Answer 14

Simple squamous

Question 15

Answer 15

Simple cuboidal

Question 16

Answer 16

Simple Columnar

Question 17

Answer 17

Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated

(note cilia on apical membrane)

They are pseudostratified because they are really only simple cells but their chape makes them appear statified

Question 18

Answer 18

Urothelium

Change shape in response to fluid volume

Question 19

Answer 19

Empty bladder (on top)

Full Bladder (on bottom)

Urothelium cells change shape in response to fluid

Question 20

Answer 20

Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous

note the nucleus present in the OUTERMOST apical cells

IMPORTANT: Involved in area where abrasion is common – they “slosh” off and are replaced by underlying cells

Question 21

Answer 21

Keratinized Stratified Squamous

note there are NO nuclei present in the outmost cells

Produce keratin filaments that serve a WATER BARRIER function

Question 22

Answer 22

Stratifield Cuboidal

Question 23

Mucous Membranes

Answer 23

A type of epithelial tissue that secretes mucous

Lines gut and respiratory passages, as well as others

Question 24

Serous Membranes

Answer 24

Epithelial tissue that lines interal body cavities

1) Smooth, two-layered transparent membrane
2) Lubricated by SERUM fluid

Located in the Peritoneum (lines abdominal cavity and organs), Pericardium (membrane enclosing the heart), Pleura (membrane along surface of lung)

Question 25

Mesothelium

Answer 25

Simple squamous epithelium that is part of serous membrane

Question 26

Unicellular Glands

Answer 26

Simplest gland Single secretory cells distributed among non-secretory cells

Question 27

Answer 27

Goblet Cells Unicellular gland cell Mucus-secreting cells lining the intestines and respiratory tract Look like a wine goblet --- do not stain well so look empty

Question 28

What are Exocrine Glands and how do they differ from endocrine?

Answer 28

Multicellular glands comprised of secretory cells grouped as an acinus (means grape in latin) -- cluster of cells THEY HAVE DUCTS!!!

Question 29

Answer 29

Stroma - connective tissue that supports glands a) Capsule -- part of stroma that encloses entire gland (like a plasma membrane) b) Septum - partitions a gland into lobules c) Parenchyma - Functional tissue of an organ

Question 30

Answer 30

Serous acini group of serous cells that secrete fluid (salivary glands) - water based secretory product Stain is darker than mucous acini

Question 31

Answer 31

Mucous acini Group of mucous cells that secrete only mucous --- SALIVARY GLANDS Lipid-based secretory product DOES NOT TAKE DYE WELL!!

Question 32

Answer 32

Mucoserous acini mix of serous and mucous cells in an acini

Question 33

Answer 33

A) Mucoserous acinus B) Mucous acinus c) Serous acinus

Question 34

Explain the differences between the ways we release secretory products in A) Merocrine Gland // B) Holocrine Gland // C) Apocrine Gland ALSO GIVE EXAMPLE FOR EACH!

Answer 34

## Footnote A) Secretion = vesicles & exocytosis (SALIVARY GLANDS) B) Accumulation of fluid within cell = apoptosis releases fluid (SEBACEOUS GLANDS) C) Release of apical portion of cells that is surrounded by cytoplasm w/in plasma membrane (MAMMARY GLANDS)

Question 35

Types of glands

Answer 35

Simple -- unbranched ducts Compound --- 2+ branches of ducts

Question 36

Types of Simple Glands

Answer 36

## Footnote A) Simple tubular B) Simple coiled tubular C) Simple branched tubular D) Simple acinar E) Simple branched acinar

Question 37

Types of Compound Glands

Answer 37

A) Compound tubular B) Compound acinar C) Compound tubuloacinar

Question 38

What is transitional epithelium?

Answer 38

Epithelium present in the lower urinary tract (renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra)

Question 39

What are the: 1) Types of epithelium 2) Subclassifications 3) Locations of each subclassification

Answer 39

Question 40

Answer 40

A) Acinus -- the part of the gland that produces the secretory product B) Duct - Conducts the secretory product

Question 41

Explain the following Inctracellular junctions 1) Tight/Occluding 2) Gap/communicating 3) Anchoring

Answer 41

1) Impermeable, allows cells to function as a barrier. Near most apical surfaces. increase in junctions = decrease in permeability -- held together by claudins,occludins 2) Connect opposed cells/side by side (neighboring). Permit the communication cells via movement of ions, water, etc.

Question 43

Merocrine Gland

Answer 43

membrane-bound vesicles deliver secretions to apical surface and undergo excocytosis Salivary glands

Question 44

Halocrine gland

Answer 44

Secretion accumulates in the cell and then cell undergoes apoptosis, secretions and debris is released sebaceous glands

Question 45

Apocrine Gland

Answer 45

Release of apical portion of the cell, which is surrounded by cytoplasm within a plasma membrane Mammary glands