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Histology, CT, Embryology, MSK > Histology Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Histology Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q
A

A) Epithelium

B) Basement Membrane

C) Connective Tissue

D) Apical Surface

E) Lateral Surface

F) Blood Vessel

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2
Q

How does H. Pylori cause gastric ulsters

A

By binding to tight junctions in the stomach, increasing their permeability leading to increase in fluid and ulsters

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3
Q

What is Pemphigus Vulgaris?

A

An autoimmune disease that impairs desmosome function, leading to a reducing in cell-cell adhesion and thus mouth blisters

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4
Q
A

Basement membrane surrouding kidney tubule

1) Specialized sheet of extracellular material next to BASAL domain
2) Selective barrier permits nutrient transfer

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5
Q
A

Microvilli

Type of apical specialization

Increases surface area 20x ; actin core ; important for absorption – more = better absorp.

Brush board, in SI, on WBCs

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6
Q

What is Ciliac Disease

A

Loss of microvilli on absorptive cell in Small Intestine

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7
Q
A

Stereocilia

Similar to microvilli but DO NOT MOVE – primarily absorption/secretion function

Microtubule w/ actin core; absorption/secretion ; in Epidydimus & Inner Ear (movement from sound waves cause hearing)

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8
Q
A

Cilia

contains internal array of microtubules

Long, highly motile structures

Cleaning/sweeping function to keep airways and other areas clear

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9
Q

Typoes of Cilia

A

Motile (beat in wave-like fashion to move debris)

Primary (immotile, work as chemosensors, osmosensors)

Nodal (embryonic, at end of primitive streak, role in L/R axis of body)

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10
Q

Name the catagories and types of Epithelial cells

A
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11
Q
A
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12
Q

How are epithelial structures named?

A

By the type of cell on THE APICAL SURFACE!!!

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13
Q

What is the name of an epithelium structure based on?

A

The cell type at the apical surface

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14
Q
A

Simple squamous

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15
Q
A

Simple cuboidal

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16
Q
A

Simple Columnar

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17
Q
A

Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated

(note cilia on apical membrane)

They are pseudostratified because they are really only simple cells but their chape makes them appear statified

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18
Q
A

Urothelium

Change shape in response to fluid volume

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19
Q
A

Empty bladder (on top)

Full Bladder (on bottom)

Urothelium cells change shape in response to fluid

20
Q
A

Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous

note the nucleus present in the OUTERMOST apical cells

IMPORTANT: Involved in area where abrasion is common – they “slosh” off and are replaced by underlying cells

21
Q
A

Keratinized Stratified Squamous

note there are NO nuclei present in the outmost cells

Produce keratin filaments that serve a WATER BARRIER function

22
Q
A

Stratifield Cuboidal

23
Q

Mucous Membranes

A

A type of epithelial tissue that secretes mucous

Lines gut and respiratory passages, as well as others

24
Q

Serous Membranes

A

Epithelial tissue that lines interal body cavities

1) Smooth, two-layered transparent membrane
2) Lubricated by SERUM fluid

Located in the Peritoneum (lines abdominal cavity and organs), Pericardium (membrane enclosing the heart), Pleura (membrane along surface of lung)

25
Q

Mesothelium

A

Simple squamous epithelium that is part of serous membrane

26
Q

Unicellular Glands

A

Simplest gland

Single secretory cells distributed among non-secretory cells

27
Q
A

Goblet Cells

Unicellular gland cell

Mucus-secreting cells lining the intestines and respiratory tract

Look like a wine goblet — do not stain well so look empty

28
Q

What are Exocrine Glands and how do they differ from endocrine?

A

Multicellular glands comprised of secretory cells grouped as an acinus (means grape in latin) – cluster of cells

THEY HAVE DUCTS!!!

29
Q
A

Stroma - connective tissue that supports glands

a) Capsule – part of stroma that encloses entire gland (like a plasma membrane)
b) Septum - partitions a gland into lobules
c) Parenchyma - Functional tissue of an organ

30
Q
A

Serous acini

group of serous cells that secrete fluid (salivary glands) - water based secretory product

Stain is darker than mucous acini

31
Q
A

Mucous acini

Group of mucous cells that secrete only mucous — SALIVARY GLANDS

Lipid-based secretory product

DOES NOT TAKE DYE WELL!!

32
Q
A

Mucoserous acini

mix of serous and mucous cells in an acini

33
Q
A

A) Mucoserous acinus

B) Mucous acinus

c) Serous acinus

34
Q

Explain the differences between the ways we release secretory products in A) Merocrine Gland // B) Holocrine Gland //

C) Apocrine Gland

ALSO GIVE EXAMPLE FOR EACH!

A

A) Secretion = vesicles & exocytosis (SALIVARY GLANDS)

B) Accumulation of fluid within cell = apoptosis releases fluid (SEBACEOUS GLANDS)

C) Release of apical portion of cells that is surrounded by cytoplasm w/in plasma membrane (MAMMARY GLANDS)

35
Q

Types of glands

A

Simple – unbranched ducts

Compound — 2+ branches of ducts

36
Q

Types of Simple Glands

A

A) Simple tubular

B) Simple coiled tubular

C) Simple branched tubular

D) Simple acinar

E) Simple branched acinar

37
Q

Types of Compound Glands

A

A) Compound tubular

B) Compound acinar

C) Compound tubuloacinar

38
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A

Epithelium present in the lower urinary tract (renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra)

39
Q

What are the:

1) Types of epithelium
2) Subclassifications
3) Locations of each subclassification

A
40
Q
A

A) Acinus – the part of the gland that produces the secretory product

B) Duct - Conducts the secretory product

41
Q

Explain the following Inctracellular junctions

1) Tight/Occluding
2) Gap/communicating
3) Anchoring

A

1) Impermeable, allows cells to function as a barrier. Near most apical surfaces. increase in junctions = decrease in permeability – held together by claudins,occludins
2) Connect opposed cells/side by side (neighboring). Permit the communication cells via movement of ions, water, etc.

42
Q
A
43
Q

Merocrine Gland

A

membrane-bound vesicles deliver secretions to apical surface and undergo excocytosis

Salivary glands

44
Q

Halocrine gland

A

Secretion accumulates in the cell and then cell undergoes apoptosis, secretions and debris is released

sebaceous glands

45
Q

Apocrine Gland

A

Release of apical portion of the cell, which is surrounded by cytoplasm within a plasma membrane

Mammary glands

Histology, CT, Embryology, MSK (7 decks)

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