Histology Lecture 1 Flashcards
A) Epithelium
B) Basement Membrane
C) Connective Tissue
D) Apical Surface
E) Lateral Surface
F) Blood Vessel
How does H. Pylori cause gastric ulsters
By binding to tight junctions in the stomach, increasing their permeability leading to increase in fluid and ulsters
What is Pemphigus Vulgaris?
An autoimmune disease that impairs desmosome function, leading to a reducing in cell-cell adhesion and thus mouth blisters
Basement membrane surrouding kidney tubule
1) Specialized sheet of extracellular material next to BASAL domain
2) Selective barrier permits nutrient transfer
Microvilli
Type of apical specialization
Increases surface area 20x ; actin core ; important for absorption – more = better absorp.
Brush board, in SI, on WBCs
What is Ciliac Disease
Loss of microvilli on absorptive cell in Small Intestine
Stereocilia
Similar to microvilli but DO NOT MOVE – primarily absorption/secretion function
Microtubule w/ actin core; absorption/secretion ; in Epidydimus & Inner Ear (movement from sound waves cause hearing)
Cilia
contains internal array of microtubules
Long, highly motile structures
Cleaning/sweeping function to keep airways and other areas clear
Typoes of Cilia
Motile (beat in wave-like fashion to move debris)
Primary (immotile, work as chemosensors, osmosensors)
Nodal (embryonic, at end of primitive streak, role in L/R axis of body)
Name the catagories and types of Epithelial cells
How are epithelial structures named?
By the type of cell on THE APICAL SURFACE!!!
What is the name of an epithelium structure based on?
The cell type at the apical surface
Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple Columnar
Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated
(note cilia on apical membrane)
They are pseudostratified because they are really only simple cells but their chape makes them appear statified
Urothelium
Change shape in response to fluid volume
Empty bladder (on top)
Full Bladder (on bottom)
Urothelium cells change shape in response to fluid
Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous
note the nucleus present in the OUTERMOST apical cells
IMPORTANT: Involved in area where abrasion is common – they “slosh” off and are replaced by underlying cells
Keratinized Stratified Squamous
note there are NO nuclei present in the outmost cells
Produce keratin filaments that serve a WATER BARRIER function
Stratifield Cuboidal
Mucous Membranes
A type of epithelial tissue that secretes mucous
Lines gut and respiratory passages, as well as others
Serous Membranes
Epithelial tissue that lines interal body cavities
1) Smooth, two-layered transparent membrane
2) Lubricated by SERUM fluid
Located in the Peritoneum (lines abdominal cavity and organs), Pericardium (membrane enclosing the heart), Pleura (membrane along surface of lung)
Mesothelium
Simple squamous epithelium that is part of serous membrane
Unicellular Glands
Simplest gland
Single secretory cells distributed among non-secretory cells
Goblet Cells
Unicellular gland cell
Mucus-secreting cells lining the intestines and respiratory tract
Look like a wine goblet — do not stain well so look empty
What are Exocrine Glands and how do they differ from endocrine?
Multicellular glands comprised of secretory cells grouped as an acinus (means grape in latin) – cluster of cells
THEY HAVE DUCTS!!!
Stroma - connective tissue that supports glands
a) Capsule – part of stroma that encloses entire gland (like a plasma membrane)
b) Septum - partitions a gland into lobules
c) Parenchyma - Functional tissue of an organ
Serous acini
group of serous cells that secrete fluid (salivary glands) - water based secretory product
Stain is darker than mucous acini
Mucous acini
Group of mucous cells that secrete only mucous — SALIVARY GLANDS
Lipid-based secretory product
DOES NOT TAKE DYE WELL!!
Mucoserous acini
mix of serous and mucous cells in an acini
A) Mucoserous acinus
B) Mucous acinus
c) Serous acinus
Explain the differences between the ways we release secretory products in A) Merocrine Gland // B) Holocrine Gland //
C) Apocrine Gland
ALSO GIVE EXAMPLE FOR EACH!
A) Secretion = vesicles & exocytosis (SALIVARY GLANDS)
B) Accumulation of fluid within cell = apoptosis releases fluid (SEBACEOUS GLANDS)
C) Release of apical portion of cells that is surrounded by cytoplasm w/in plasma membrane (MAMMARY GLANDS)
Types of glands
Simple – unbranched ducts
Compound — 2+ branches of ducts
Types of Simple Glands
A) Simple tubular
B) Simple coiled tubular
C) Simple branched tubular
D) Simple acinar
E) Simple branched acinar
Types of Compound Glands
A) Compound tubular
B) Compound acinar
C) Compound tubuloacinar
What is transitional epithelium?
Epithelium present in the lower urinary tract (renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra)
What are the:
1) Types of epithelium
2) Subclassifications
3) Locations of each subclassification
A) Acinus – the part of the gland that produces the secretory product
B) Duct - Conducts the secretory product
Explain the following Inctracellular junctions
1) Tight/Occluding
2) Gap/communicating
3) Anchoring
1) Impermeable, allows cells to function as a barrier. Near most apical surfaces. increase in junctions = decrease in permeability – held together by claudins,occludins
2) Connect opposed cells/side by side (neighboring). Permit the communication cells via movement of ions, water, etc.
Merocrine Gland
membrane-bound vesicles deliver secretions to apical surface and undergo excocytosis
Salivary glands
Halocrine gland
Secretion accumulates in the cell and then cell undergoes apoptosis, secretions and debris is released
sebaceous glands
Apocrine Gland
Release of apical portion of the cell, which is surrounded by cytoplasm within a plasma membrane
Mammary glands
