Connective Tissue

Question 1

What is ECM

Answer 1

extracellular matrix a gel-like substance w/ protein fibers that carry waste, O2, nutrients, etc.

Question 2

What are the classifications of Connective Tissues (CT)?

Answer 2

1) Embryonic CT - pluripotent stem cells 2) Adult CT

Question 3

What do the following CT cell types produce: 1)fibroblasts 2)mesenchymal 3)adipocytes 4)chondrocytes 5)osteoblasts 6)osteoclasts

Answer 3

1) collagen (CT) 2) connective tissue stem cells (multipotent – the fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chonrocytes, fibroblasts, myofibrils) 3) fat production and storage 4) cartilage 5) bone production 6) bone destruction

Question 4

most common collagen type

Answer 4

Type I

Question 5

What are the fibrous components of ECM CT and what do they do

Answer 5

collagen - resist tension (rope-like)

elastin - stretchable reticular fibers - form meshwork, like chicken wire

Question 6

list some amorphous ground substances and what they are

Answer 6

proteoglycans - protein core/carb coat

hyaluronic acid

Glycoproteins (cytokines, growth factors, structural proteins)

Question 7

What amorphous ground substances give collagen it’s tensile strength

Answer 7

proteoglycan and hyaluronic acid interaction to create long chains

Question 8

fibrous connective tissue classes

Answer 8

1) loose connective tissue 2) dense connective tissue

Question 9

Loose connective tissue function and classes

Answer 9

Support and bind tissues, hold body fluids, infection defense Classes -areolar -adipose -reticular

Question 10

Areolar CT cell types and examples

Answer 10

1) Fixed cells (fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal)
2) Wandering/transient cells (macrophages, mast cells, leukocytes)

Question 11

Adipose CT

Answer 11

-HIGH adipocyte:low ECM density ratio -Much blood vasculatures -RESERVE ENERGY SOURCE AND THERMAL INSULATION -Organ protection -Under skin, around organs, within abdomen, breast, buttocks

Question 12

Fat types

Answer 12

White - energy storage, cushioning vital organs, hormone secretion Brown - thermogenic tissue, high in newborns, low in adults

Question 13

Reticular CT

Answer 13

-High in reticular fibers (meshwork) -forms frame to hold free cells

In liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen – meshwork to house blood cells, immune cells outside blood and lymph vessels

Question 14

Dense CT Classes

Answer 14

• Dense irregular
• dense regular
• Elastin

Question 15

Dense Irregular CT

Answer 15

-Tightly packed, dense collagen ECM -IRREGULAR collagen pattern -naturally, fibroblasts very common -skin dermis, organ capsules, fascia, perichondrium

Question 16

Dense Regular CT

Answer 16

-Tightly packed, dense collagen -FIBROBLASTS, principle cell type -REGULARLY arrange collagen -Poorly vascularized -Resists pulling forces but WAVY appearance when not under tension -Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses, dense fascia, joint capsules

Question 17

Elastic CT

Answer 17

-high density of ELASTIC fibers -Recoil of tissue following stretching -Present in Arteries, lungs and special ligaments (ligaments nuchae)

Question 18

Marfan’s Syndrome

Answer 18

-Mutation in fibrillan-I (elastic fiber component) -Leads to cardiovascular issues, skeletal problems and eye trouble Patients are tall with long arms/legs

Question 19

Fibroblast

Answer 19

Function is to produce collagen, elastin and reticular fibers, proteoglycans and glycoproteins in the ECM Makes most of ECM

Question 20

Plasma cells

Answer 20

mediate immunity by producing B-lymphocytes and antibodies

Question 21

What connective tissue is this

Answer 21

Dense Irregular CT

Question 22

What CT is this

Answer 22

Loose Areolar CT (sweat glands -stratified cuboidal epithelial)

Question 23

What CT is this

Answer 23

Dense Regular CT

Question 24

What comprises adult CT

Answer 24

Fibrous CT (loose, dense regular, dense irregular)

Special (adipose, cartilage, bone, hematopoeitic)

Question 25

What are the three types of CT

Answer 25

1) Supportive
2) Proper
3) Fluid

Question 26

Supportive CT

Answer 26

Bone -compact, spongy

Cartilage - hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 27

Proper CT

Answer 27

1) Loose - Areolar, Reticular, Adipose
2) Dense - Regular, Irregular, Elastic

Question 28

Fluid CT

Answer 28

Blood

Question 29

CT Cells Types

Answer 29

1) Hematopoetic Stem Cells
- macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells, lymphocytes
2) Mesenchymal cells
- fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, myofibrils

Question 30

ECM

Answer 30

1) Fibers
- collagen, elastin, reticular
2) Ground substance
- proteoglycan, hyaluron, glycoproteins, Poenzymes