Connective Tissue Flashcards
What is ECM
extracellular matrix a gel-like substance w/ protein fibers that carry waste, O2, nutrients, etc.
What are the classifications of Connective Tissues (CT)?
1) Embryonic CT - pluripotent stem cells 2) Adult CT
What do the following CT cell types produce: 1)fibroblasts 2)mesenchymal 3)adipocytes 4)chondrocytes 5)osteoblasts 6)osteoclasts
1) collagen (CT) 2) connective tissue stem cells (multipotent – the fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chonrocytes, fibroblasts, myofibrils) 3) fat production and storage 4) cartilage 5) bone production 6) bone destruction
most common collagen type
Type I
What are the fibrous components of ECM CT and what do they do
collagen - resist tension (rope-like)
elastin - stretchable reticular fibers - form meshwork, like chicken wire
list some amorphous ground substances and what they are
proteoglycans - protein core/carb coat
hyaluronic acid
Glycoproteins (cytokines, growth factors, structural proteins)
What amorphous ground substances give collagen it’s tensile strength
proteoglycan and hyaluronic acid interaction to create long chains
fibrous connective tissue classes
1) loose connective tissue 2) dense connective tissue
Loose connective tissue function and classes
Support and bind tissues, hold body fluids, infection defense Classes -areolar -adipose -reticular
Areolar CT cell types and examples
1) Fixed cells (fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal)
2) Wandering/transient cells (macrophages, mast cells, leukocytes)
Adipose CT
-HIGH adipocyte:low ECM density ratio -Much blood vasculatures -RESERVE ENERGY SOURCE AND THERMAL INSULATION -Organ protection -Under skin, around organs, within abdomen, breast, buttocks
Fat types
White - energy storage, cushioning vital organs, hormone secretion Brown - thermogenic tissue, high in newborns, low in adults
Reticular CT
-High in reticular fibers (meshwork) -forms frame to hold free cells
In liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen – meshwork to house blood cells, immune cells outside blood and lymph vessels
Dense CT Classes
- Dense irregular
- dense regular
- Elastin
Dense Irregular CT
-Tightly packed, dense collagen ECM -IRREGULAR collagen pattern -naturally, fibroblasts very common -skin dermis, organ capsules, fascia, perichondrium
Dense Regular CT
-Tightly packed, dense collagen -FIBROBLASTS, principle cell type -REGULARLY arrange collagen -Poorly vascularized -Resists pulling forces but WAVY appearance when not under tension -Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses, dense fascia, joint capsules
Elastic CT
-high density of ELASTIC fibers -Recoil of tissue following stretching -Present in Arteries, lungs and special ligaments (ligaments nuchae)
Marfan’s Syndrome
-Mutation in fibrillan-I (elastic fiber component) -Leads to cardiovascular issues, skeletal problems and eye trouble Patients are tall with long arms/legs
Fibroblast
Function is to produce collagen, elastin and reticular fibers, proteoglycans and glycoproteins in the ECM Makes most of ECM
Plasma cells
mediate immunity by producing B-lymphocytes and antibodies
What connective tissue is this
Dense Irregular CT
What CT is this
Loose Areolar CT (sweat glands -stratified cuboidal epithelial)
What CT is this
Dense Regular CT
What comprises adult CT
Fibrous CT (loose, dense regular, dense irregular)
Special (adipose, cartilage, bone, hematopoeitic)
What are the three types of CT
1) Supportive
2) Proper
3) Fluid
Supportive CT
Bone -compact, spongy
Cartilage - hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Proper CT
1) Loose - Areolar, Reticular, Adipose
2) Dense - Regular, Irregular, Elastic
Fluid CT
Blood
CT Cells Types
1) Hematopoetic Stem Cells
- macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells, lymphocytes
2) Mesenchymal cells
- fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, myofibrils
ECM
1) Fibers
- collagen, elastin, reticular
2) Ground substance
- proteoglycan, hyaluron, glycoproteins, Poenzymes
