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Medical Anatomy and Physiology > Histology & Integumentary System > Flashcards

Histology & Integumentary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

mucous membranes

A

thin sheets of tissue lining the body cavities that open to the outside world

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2
Q

serous fluid

A

a thin, clear liquid that serves as a lubricant between parietal and visceral membranes

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3
Q

serous membranes

A

thin sheets of tissues that line body cavities closed to the outside world

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4
Q

dermis

A

layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis; including nerve endings, glands, and hair follicles

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5
Q

epidermal dendritic cells

A

skin cells that initiate an immune system response to the presence of foreign bacteria or viruses

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6
Q

hypodermis

A

the layer of tissue beneath the dermis, which serves as a storage repository for fat

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7
Q

melanin

A

a pigment that protects the body against the harmful effects of ultraviolet ray damage from the sun

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8
Q

reticular layer

A

the layer of skin superficial to the papillary layer

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9
Q

stratum lucidum

A

the clear layer of thick skin found only on the palms of the hands, fingers, soles of the feet, and toes

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10
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura, the membrane that encases the lungs

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11
Q

membranes

A

thin sheets or layers of pliable tissue

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12
Q

mucus

A

a slippery solution that protects the mucous membranes and aids in transporting substances

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13
Q

synovial membrane

A

the lining of the synovial joint cavity that produces synovial fluid

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14
Q

eccrine glands

A

sweat glands located over the majority of the body that produce a clear, acidic fluid that consists of approximately 99% water, but it also contains waste products such as urea, uric acid, salts, and vitamin c

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15
Q

integumentary system

A

enveloping organ of the body that includes the epidermis, dermis, sudoriferous and sebaceous glands, and nails and hair

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16
Q

sebaceous glands

A

glands located all over the body that produce sebum

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17
Q

sebum

A

an oily substance that helps keep the skin and hair soft

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18
Q

stratum basale

A

the deepest layer of the epidermis

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19
Q

stratum corneum

A

the outer layer of the epidermis

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20
Q

rule of nines

A

a method used in calculating body surface area affected by burns

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21
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

another name for skin

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22
Q

epithelial membranes

A

thin sheets of tissue lining the internal and external surfaces of the body

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23
Q

synovial fluid

A

a clear liquid secreted by synovial membranes that provides cushioning for and reduces friction in synovial joints

24
Q

apocrine glands

A

sweat glands located in the genital and armpit areas that secrete a milky fluid consisting of sweat, fatty acids, and proteins

25
Q

epidermis

A

the outer layer of skin

26
Q

keratin

A

a tough protein found in the skin, hair, and nails

27
Q

keratinocytes

A

cells within the epidermis that produce keratin

28
Q

lipocytes

A

fat cells

29
Q

melanocytes

A

specialized cells in the skin that produce melanin

30
Q

merkel cells

A

touch receptors in the skin

31
Q

papillary layer

A

the outer layer of the dermis

32
Q

stratum granulosum

A

a layer of somewhat flattened cells lying just superficial to the stratum spinosum and inferior to the stratum lucidum

33
Q

stratum spinosum

A

the layer of cells in the epidermis superior to the stratum basale and inferior to the stratum granulosum

34
Q

subcutaneous fascia

A

the tissue that connects the skin to underlying structures; the hypodermis

35
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

sweat glands that are distributed in the dermis over the entire body

36
Q

ABCDE rule

A

Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Elevation

37
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

the most common form of skin cancer and the least malignant type

38
Q

cellulitis

A

a bacterial infection characterized by an inflamed area of skin that is red, swollen, and painful

39
Q

decubitus ulcer

A

ulcers caused by an area of localized pressure that restricts blood flow to one or more areas of the body

40
Q

first-degree burns

A

burns that affect only the epidermal layer of skin

41
Q

fourth-degree burns

A

full-thickness burns that destroy both the skin and underlying tissues including muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bone

42
Q

herpes simplex virus type 1

A

the form of herpes that generates cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth

43
Q

herpes simplex virus type 2

A

the genital form of herpes

44
Q

herpes varicella (chickenpox)

A

a highly contagious, common childhood disease that is characterized by extremely itchy, fluid-filled blisters

45
Q

herpes zoster (shingles)

A

a disease that involves a painful, blistering rash accompanied by headache, fever, and a general feeling of unwellness

46
Q

human papillomavirus (HPV)

A

a bacterial infection common in elementary school children that is characterized by pink, blister-like bumps, usually on the face

47
Q

malignant melanoma

A

cancer of the melanocytes; the most serious form of skin cancer

48
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the inner wall of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs

49
Q

plantar warts

A

warts that develop on the soles of the foot, grow inward, and can become painful

50
Q

psoriasis

A

a common skin disorder that involves redness, irritation, and scales (flaky, silver-white patches) that itch, burn, crack, and sometimes bleed

51
Q

second-degree burns

A

burns that involve damage to both the epidermis and the upper portion of the underlying dermis; characterized by blisters

52
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

a type of rapidly growing cancer that appears as a scaly, reddened patch of skin

53
Q

third-degree burns

A

burns that destroy the entire thickness of the skin

54
Q

tinea

A

a fungal infection that tends to occur in areas of the body that are moist

55
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the inner wall of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs

Medical Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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