histology formative questions Flashcards
what is chromatin?
nuclear DNA plus proteins
The PAS procedure can be used to stain goblet cells and the brush border. What other structure will be stained by PAS?
Basement membrane
Which statement concerning the tight junctions in the epidermal lining of the gut is NOT one of their functions? To allow the passage of water and glucose between the cells To generate a concentration gradient across the epithelium To hold cells together To permit the passage of signal molecules from cell to cell To prevent the passage of large molecules between the cells
To permit the passage of signal molecules from cell to cell
what cell type is responsible for producing the connective tissue in the aorta?
fibroblasts
where is brown fat most likely to be fund in adults?
between the shoulder blades
where is the nucleus in smooth muscle
centrally
what is epimysium?
connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fasciculi to create muscles
in cardiac muscle contraction is regulated by the cytosolic concentration of which metal?
Calcium
Which substance is the predominant component of myelin in the peripheral nervous system
Sphingomyelin
Release of the contents of the small spherical structures (centre of the image) is mediated by which voltage-gated channel?
calcium
what is the most likely explanation for reticulocytes in the blood?
bleeding
which cell type becomes more common in the blood in parasitic infections
eosinophils
which cell type may be found within the alveolar air spaces of the lung
monocytes
what are platelets
fragments of cells that are found in the bone marrow
what is the adventitia in arterioles made of?
collagen and elastic tissue
Which cells lies with and are unable to migrate through the matrix of a cartilage?
chondrocytes
what cartilage is the epiglottis made of?
hyaline
what cell type forms the lining of the mitral valve?
vascular endothelial cells
what is present within the walls of bronchi but not in the walls of bronchioles?
cartilage
where are clara cells found?
bronchioles
what do clara cells produce?
surfactant
where are taste buds on the tongue?
embedded into the lateral sides of the papillae
what do parietal (oxyntic) cells secrete?
HCl and intrinsic factor
what do chief cells produce
pepsinogen
what epithelium is the anus?
non-keritinised stratified squamous
what is the gall bladder epithelium adapted for?
water absorption
what does the exocrine pancreas secrete?
bicarbonate ions
what do ito cells do?
store fat
what is the glomerulus
a filter whose pores are guarded only by the filtration membrane
46-year-old man has type 1 diabetes mellitus which has resulted in renal damage, what will happen to his glomerular basement membrane?
become thickened
which part of the kidney is particularly responsive to aldosterone?
collecting ducts
which glands drain into the penile urethra?
Cowpers glands
what function do sertoli cells have?
phagocytotic, blood-testis-barrier
what does the prostate secrete?
It produces a secretion containing acid phosphatse
(PSA and PAP)
what are primordial germ cells in the ovary surounded by?
fribro-blast like stromal cells
what do you not expect to find in the secretory phase endometrium?
mitotic figures
what kind of muscle is the myometrium of the uterus?
smooth
where does the anterior pituitary receive its blood supply from?
portal circulation
where does the thryoid tissue originate from in embryonic life?
floor of the mouth
what do c-cells produce?
calcitonin
what % of alpha, beta and delta cells are there in the islets of langerhans in the pancreas?
- 70% = beta cells secreting insulin, *
- 20% = alpha cells secreting glucagon, *
- 8% = delta cells secreting somatostatin *
- 2% = cells secreting pancreatic polypeptide.*
where do the secretions of the islets go into?
hepatic portal circulation
what does the adrenal cortex use to synthesis the hormones?
cholesterol
what is this?
keritinised squamous epithelium of the sole
what do melanocytes do?
transfer melanin to keratinocytes
what is this?
eccrine sweat gland
what are Apocrine sweat glands responsuble for?
the production of ear wax
Free nerve endings detect what?
pain and temperature
what type of muscle fibre is type 1?
slow twitch
where are slow twitch muscles found?
postural muscles
what do type 1 muscles contain lots of?
mitochondria and fat droplets (fatigue resistant)
what are type 2A fibres?
fast twitch
which ones are slow twitch muscle?
dark staining ones
which type of collagen is this?
1
what cell type is present here?
Fibroblast
hyaline cartialge is found where in a child?
epiphyseal growth plate
what are the pale staining cells?
osteoprogenitor cells
