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Phase 1 > histology formative questions > Flashcards

histology formative questions Flashcards

1
Q

what is chromatin?

A

nuclear DNA plus proteins

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2
Q

The PAS procedure can be used to stain goblet cells and the brush border. What other structure will be stained by PAS?

A

Basement membrane

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3
Q

Which statement concerning the tight junctions in the epidermal lining of the gut is NOT one of their functions? To allow the passage of water and glucose between the cells To generate a concentration gradient across the epithelium To hold cells together To permit the passage of signal molecules from cell to cell To prevent the passage of large molecules between the cells

A

To permit the passage of signal molecules from cell to cell

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4
Q

what cell type is responsible for producing the connective tissue in the aorta?

A

fibroblasts

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5
Q

where is brown fat most likely to be fund in adults?

A

between the shoulder blades

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6
Q

where is the nucleus in smooth muscle

A

centrally

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7
Q

what is epimysium?

A

connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fasciculi to create muscles

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8
Q

in cardiac muscle contraction is regulated by the cytosolic concentration of which metal?

A

Calcium

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9
Q

Which substance is the predominant component of myelin in the peripheral nervous system

A

Sphingomyelin

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10
Q

Release of the contents of the small spherical structures (centre of the image) is mediated by which voltage-gated channel?

A

calcium

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11
Q

what is the most likely explanation for reticulocytes in the blood?

A

bleeding

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12
Q

which cell type becomes more common in the blood in parasitic infections

A

eosinophils

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13
Q

which cell type may be found within the alveolar air spaces of the lung

A

monocytes

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14
Q

what are platelets

A

fragments of cells that are found in the bone marrow

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15
Q

what is the adventitia in arterioles made of?

A

collagen and elastic tissue

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Which cells lies with and are unable to migrate through the matrix of a cartilage?

A

chondrocytes

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18
Q

what cartilage is the epiglottis made of?

A

hyaline

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19
Q

what cell type forms the lining of the mitral valve?

A

vascular endothelial cells

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20
Q
A
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21
Q
A
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22
Q

what is present within the walls of bronchi but not in the walls of bronchioles?

A

cartilage

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23
Q

where are clara cells found?

A

bronchioles

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24
Q

what do clara cells produce?

A

surfactant

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25
Q

where are taste buds on the tongue?

A

embedded into the lateral sides of the papillae

26
Q

what do parietal (oxyntic) cells secrete?

A

HCl and intrinsic factor

27
Q

what do chief cells produce

A

pepsinogen

28
Q

what epithelium is the anus?

A

non-keritinised stratified squamous

29
Q

what is the gall bladder epithelium adapted for?

A

water absorption

30
Q

what does the exocrine pancreas secrete?

A

bicarbonate ions

31
Q

what do ito cells do?

A

store fat

32
Q

what is the glomerulus

A

a filter whose pores are guarded only by the filtration membrane

33
Q

46-year-old man has type 1 diabetes mellitus which has resulted in renal damage, what will happen to his glomerular basement membrane?

A

become thickened

34
Q

which part of the kidney is particularly responsive to aldosterone?

A

collecting ducts

35
Q

which glands drain into the penile urethra?

A

Cowpers glands

36
Q

what function do sertoli cells have?

A

phagocytotic, blood-testis-barrier

37
Q

what does the prostate secrete?

A

It produces a secretion containing acid phosphatse

(PSA and PAP)

38
Q

what are primordial germ cells in the ovary surounded by?

A

fribro-blast like stromal cells

39
Q

what do you not expect to find in the secretory phase endometrium?

A

mitotic figures

40
Q

what kind of muscle is the myometrium of the uterus?

A

smooth

41
Q

where does the anterior pituitary receive its blood supply from?

A

portal circulation

42
Q

where does the thryoid tissue originate from in embryonic life?

A

floor of the mouth

43
Q

what do c-cells produce?

A

calcitonin

44
Q

what % of alpha, beta and delta cells are there in the islets of langerhans in the pancreas?

A
  • 70% = beta cells secreting insulin, *
  • 20% = alpha cells secreting glucagon, *
  • 8% = delta cells secreting somatostatin *
  • 2% = cells secreting pancreatic polypeptide.*
45
Q

where do the secretions of the islets go into?

A

hepatic portal circulation

46
Q

what does the adrenal cortex use to synthesis the hormones?

A

cholesterol

47
Q

what is this?

A

keritinised squamous epithelium of the sole

48
Q

what do melanocytes do?

A

transfer melanin to keratinocytes

49
Q

what is this?

A

eccrine sweat gland

50
Q

what are Apocrine sweat glands responsuble for?

A

the production of ear wax

51
Q

Free nerve endings detect what?

A

pain and temperature

52
Q

what type of muscle fibre is type 1?

A

slow twitch

53
Q

where are slow twitch muscles found?

A

postural muscles

54
Q

what do type 1 muscles contain lots of?

A

mitochondria and fat droplets (fatigue resistant)

55
Q

what are type 2A fibres?

A

fast twitch

56
Q

which ones are slow twitch muscle?

A

dark staining ones

57
Q

which type of collagen is this?

A

1

58
Q

what cell type is present here?

A

Fibroblast

59
Q

hyaline cartialge is found where in a child?

A

epiphyseal growth plate

60
Q

what are the pale staining cells?

A

osteoprogenitor cells

61
Q
A

Phase 1 (2 decks)

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