SUGER

Question 1

What is a a) direct hernia b) indirect hernia through Inguinal canal?

Answer 1

A) muscles weakness so hernia only through superficial ring

B) hernia goes through deep and superficial rings

Question 2

What is the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

Answer 2

Juxtamedullary nephrons have longer loops of henle so it goes deeper down into the medulla

Question 3

What layer are the kidneys developed from?

Answer 3

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 4

What are the 3 stages of kidney development?

Answer 4

Pronephros (1 nephron),

mesonephros (10-50 nephrons), metanephros (1 million nephrons)

Question 5

What are the 4 parts to the male urethra?

Answer 5

Prostatic
Membranous
Penile
Bulbar

Question 6

What are the 3 sites of ureteric narrowing?

Answer 6

Pelvic-ureteric junction
Pelvis brim
Ureteric-bladder junction

Question 7

How is the bladder musculature arranged?

Answer 7

Specialised smooth muscle = detrusor muscle
Fibres orientated in 3 directions
Internal urethral sphincter in males only is autonomic control
Extern urethral sphincter is skeletal muscle

Question 8

What is the trigone?

Answer 8

Triangular area of bladder located within funds has smooth walls

Question 9

What is the epithelial lining of the Urinary Tract?

Answer 9

Ureters and bladder = pseudo-stratified (urothelium) umbrella cells are bi-nucleated
Female urethra = stratified squamous epithelium with mucus glands
Make urethra = urothelium except penile end where mucus glands are found.

Question 10

Which nervous system is responsible for micturition mechanism?

Answer 10

Urine filling = sympathetic hypogastric nerve…. Suppress contraction. (Internal sphincter)
Urine emptying = Parasympathetic pelvic nerve … Causes detrusor contraction
External sphincter = voluntary control via pudendal nerve

Question 11

What runs through the spermatic cord in a) males b) females

Answer 11

A) spermatic cord

B) round ligament