Histology Exam 2 Flashcards
Name the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep
- Stratum corneum (superficial)
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum basale (deep)
List the four adnexal structures of the skin
- Secretory Glands
- Hair follicles
- Nail Beds
- Breast (modified sweat gland)
List the four specific types of macrophages and indicate where each would be found:
- Kuppfer cells within the liver.
- microglia within the central nervous system.
- alveolar macrophages within the alveolar wall.
- pleural and peritoneal macrophages within serous cavities.
- osteoclast within bone.
- Langerhans cell within the epidermis.
There three general types of glandular epithelial cells found in the skin. What are those types and give an example of each and where each example given is found.
- Merocrine gland: most all over body (esp. abundant on palms and soles)
- Apocrine gland: armpits, groin, nipples
- Holocrine gland: within the sebaceous glands that produce and accumulate lipids.
Beginning at the primary bronchus, List the seven branches of the respiratory tract to the level of the alveolar sacs. For each branch, list all types of epithelial cells that are present
1-Primary bronchus: Psedostriated columnar
2-lobar bronchi: ciliated columnar cells
3-Segmental bronchus: simple cuboidal epithelium,
4-Terminal bronchiole: ciliated columnar cells and club cells
5-respiratory bronchioles: ciliated columnar cells and club cells
6-Alveolar duct: epithelial type I and type II cells
7-Alevolar sacs: Simple squamous
What are four architectural or cellular features that are distinctive to the thymus (during childhood)
- Epithelial-reticular cells and macrophages
- Cortex
- Medulla
- Hassel’s Corpuscles
What is edema and why would it occur
-Edema occurs when tiny blood vessels in your body (capillaries) leak fluid. The fluid builds up in surrounding tissues, leading to swelling. Mild cases of edema may result from: Sitting or staying in one position for too long.
What is the purpose of granulomatous inflammation and describe what happens when it takes place?
- An aggregation of macrophages that forms in response to chronic inflammation. This occurs when the immune system attempts to isolate foreign substances that it is otherwise unable to eliminate.
- After the stimulus is removed by macrophages the site undergoes healing and repair by
1) Regeneration
2) Granulation tissue
3) Healing by Primary and secondary intention
Describe the conduction system of the heart. Include all relevant anatomic structures and the sequence of the impulse
1) The sinoatrial node generates an impulse
2) Impulses pause at the AV node
3) The AV bundle connects the atria to ventricles
4) bundle branches conduct the impulse through the interventricular septum
5) The Purkinje fibers depolarize the contractile cells of both ventricles
The four primary regions of the respiratory system include the Nsaopharynx, Larynx, Trachea and Lung. Answer the following question below about the Larynx. (You may use completely labeled diagram) (10 points)
A: Describe the all of the structures/landmarks that are part of the Larynx
- epiglottis:
- Vocal cords
- Vestibule
- Ventricular fold
The four primary regions of the respiratory system include the Nsaopharynx, Larynx, Trachea and Lung. Answer the following question below about the Larynx. (You may use completely labeled diagram) (10 points)
B: Describe the epithelium present in each of the landmarks listed
-vocal cords and epiglottis have striated squamous while the rest are pseudostratified epithelium.
The four primary regions of the respiratory system include the Nsaopharynx, Larynx, Trachea and Lung. Answer the following question below about the Larynx. (You may use completely labeled diagram) (10 points)
C: Describe all of the tissue types and cell types present beneath the mucosa
- basement membrane: collagenous fibers that lie under the epithelial
- Lamina propria: loose CT containing numerous lymphocytes, plasma cells and blood vessels.
- Submucosa: dense CT
